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Figure 4 | Arthritis Res Ther

Figure 4

From: Does protein kinase R mediate TNF-α- and ceramide-induced increases in expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in articular cartilage by a novel mechanism?

Figure 4

The PKR inhibitor 2-AP blocks both basal and TNF-α and C2-ceramide-induced proteoglycan release from articular cartilage. Bovine articular cartilage explants were cultured for 24 hours in the presence of (a) various concentrations of 2-AP (0–10 mM) alone, (b) TNF-α (100 ng/ml) with or without 2-AP (1 mM) or (c) C2-ceramide (100 μM) with or without 2-AP (1 mM). Medium was analysed for release of sGAGs by dimethylmethylene blue assay, expressed as micrograms of glycosaminoglycan released per milligram wet weight of cartilage. *Significantly different from control explants at P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. 2-AP, 2-aminopurine; PKR, protein kinase R; sGAG, sulfated glycosaminoglycan; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.

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