Fibroblast biology Signals targeting the synovial fibroblast in arthritis

Table 1 Soluble mediators regulating fibroblast migration

Effect	Factor	Cellular or tissue source	Reference
+	TNF-α	Macrophage, activated monocyte, B cell, T cell, fibroblast	[2]
+	IL-4	T cell, mast cell, bone marrow stromal cell	[3]
+	PDGF-AA, -BB, -AB	Platelet, macrophage, endothelial cell, skeletal muscle cell, fibroblast, vascular smooth	[3]
		muscle cell, glial cell, type I astrocyte, myoblast, kidney, epithelial cell, mesangial cell
+	TGF-β	Platelet, macrophage, T cell, skeletal muscle cell, fibroblast	[4]
+	bFGF	Brain, retina, bone matrix, endothelial cell, macrophage	[3]
+	EGF	Granulocyte, ectodermal cell, kidney, duodenal gland, platelet	[5]
+	Neurokinin A	Nerve cell	[3]
+	CGRP	Nerve cell	[6]
+	Endothelin-1 and -3	Endothelial cell, macrophage, fibroblast, many other cells	[3]
+	β -thromboglobulin	Platelet, megakaryocyte	[1]
+	Platelet factor 4	Platelet, megakaryocyte	[1]
	LTB₄	Myeloid cells, from transported LTA₄ in many nonmyeloid and nonhematopoietic cells	[3]
+	IGF-I (SmC)	Fibroblast, skeletal cell, liver, endothelial cell, T cell	[7]
+	IGF-II (MSA)	Liver	[3]
+	Matrix proteins
	Collagen	ECM	[8]
	Fibronectin	ECM	[9]
	Elastin	ECM	[10]
+	Serum derived	Complement (C₅)	[11,12]
	chemotactic factor
	for fibroblasts
-	Interferon	T lymphocyte, NK cell (interferon-γ), all cells (interferon-α)	[13]
-	Retinoids		[14]
-	Neutrophil factor	Neutrophil	[15]

+, Stimulation; -, inhibition. bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; ECM, extracellular matrix; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IL, interleukin; LTA, leukotriene A; LTB, leukotriene B; NK, natural killer; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

ISSN: 1478-6362