Fibroblast biology Signals targeting the synovial fibroblast in arthritis

Table 2 Soluble mediators regulating fibroblast proliferation

Effect	Factors	Examples of cellular and tissue source	Reference
+	AMDGF	Alveolar macrophage	[16]
+	aFGF, bFGF	Brain, retina, bone matrix, endothelial cells, macrophage	[17]
+	CTAP-III	Platelet
+	CTAP-V	Platelet
+	CTAP-PMN	PMN
+	EGF and TGF-α	Granulocyte, ectodermal cells, kidney, duodenal gland, platelet	[18]
-	Interferon-γ	T lymphocyte, NK cell	[19]
+	IGF-I (SmC)	Fibroblast, skeletal cell, liver, endothelial cell, T cell	[20]
+	IGF-II (MSA)	Liver	[21]
+	IL-1α and IL-β	Monocyte/macrophage, Langerhans cell, other dendritic cells, T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte,
		NK cell, large granular lymphocyte, vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell, fibroblast,
		thymic epithelial cell, astrocyte, microglia, keratinocyte, chondrocyte
+	IL-1 inhibitor	Monocyte	[22]
+	PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB,	Platelet, macrophage, endothelial cell, fibroblasts, vascular smooth cells, glial cell, type I astrocyte,
	PDGF-AB	kidney, epithelial cell, mesangial cells
+	TCDGF	T cell	[23]
+	TGF-β	Platelets, macrophage, T cell, skeletal muscle cell, fibroblast	[24]
+	TNF-β	Lymphocyte	[25]

+, Stimulation; -, inhibition. aFGF, acidic fibroblast growth factor; AMDGF, alveolar macrophage-derived growth factor; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CTAP, connective tissue-activating peptide; EGF, epidermal growth factor; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IL, interleukin; NK, natural killer; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor; PMN, polymorphonuclear cell; TCDGF, T cell derived growth factor; TGF, transforming growth factor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.

ISSN: 1478-6362