Fibroblast biology Effector signals released by the synovial fibroblast in arthritis

Table 1 Effector molecules released by synovial fibroblasts

Signal function	Effector molecules
Angiogenesis	IL-8, TGF-β, PDGF, GM-CSF, G-CSF, FGF, VEGF, EGF
Chemoattractant	IL-8, IL-16, MCP-1, MIP-1α
Pro-Inflammatory	IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, IL-15, LIF, PDGF, MIF, GM-CSF, TRX
Anti-Inflammatory	p55 TNFR, p75 TNFR, IL-10
Matrix degradation	PGE₂, collagenase, stromelysin, 92 kD gelatinase, cathepsins B, L, and K
Inhibit matrix degradation	TIMP, TGF-β IL-11
Osteoclastogenesis	RANKL, VEGF
Bone formation	TGF-β, BMP-2

EGF, epidermal growth factor; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; IL, interleukin; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; MIF, macrophage inhibitory factor; PDGF, platelet derived growth factor; RANKL, receptor activity of nuclear factor κ B ligand; TGF, transforming growth factor; TIMP, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; TNFR, tumor necrosis factor receptor; TRX, thioredoxin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

ISSN: 1478-6362