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Table 1 Genes expressed by, or ona, endothelial cells in the rheumatoid synovium

From: Endothelial cell phenotypes in the rheumatoid synovium: activated, angiogenic, apoptotic and leaky

Gene

Distribution patternb

References

Adhesion molecules

  

   E-selectin

E, RA > C, P

[141]

   P-selectin

E, RA = C, P

[27]

   Counterligands for L-selectin (MECA-79 epitope)

E, P

[25]

   HECA 452 epitope

EO, RA > C, P

[142]

   ICAM-1

EO, RA > C, P

[33, 141]

   ICAM-2

EO, RA = C, P

[28]

   VCAM-1

EO, M, P

[29, 30]

   Fibronectin

EO, RA > C, M, P

[31, 32]

   CD31 (PECAM-1)

EO, RA = C, P

[27]

   CD146

E, RA = C, P

[34]

   Vascular adhesion protein-1

E, P

[35]

   CD44

EO, P

[27]

   VLA1–VLA6 integrins (α1–6β1)

EO, P

[23]

   αVβ3 integrin

EO, RA > C, P

[27, 69]

Chemokines

  

   IL-8 (CXCL8)

EO, RA > C, M, P

[50]

   MCP-1 (CCL2)

EO, RA > C, M, P

[46, 50]

   SLC (CCL21)

EO, M, P

[52, 57]

   ENA-78 (CXCL5)

EO, RA > C, P

[48]

   SDF-1 (CXCL12)

EO, M, P

[49, 58, 60]

   MIP-1α (CCL3)

EO, RA > C, P

[47]

   ELC (CCL19)

EO, P

[52]

Chemokine receptors/binding molecules

  

   CXCR3

EO, P

[59]

   CXCR4

EO, P

[58, 60]

   Duffy antigen

E, M, P

[56]

   Heparan sulphate proteoglycan

EO, P

[55]

Angiogenesis regulators and their receptors

  

   FGF-1 and FGF-2

EO, M, P

[74, 75]

   Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

EO, M, P

[77]

   Hepatocyte growth factor activator and receptor

EO, RA = C, M, P

[78]

   Vascular endothelial growth factor

EO, P

[79, 80]

   Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR1–VEGFR3)

E, RA > C, M, P

[81, 82]

   Transforming growth factor beta 1

EO, RA > C, P

[83]

   Endoglin (transforming growth factor beta receptor)

EO, RA = C, P

[83]

   Angiopoietin-1

EO, RA > C, P

[87]

   Tie-1 receptor

EO, RA > C, P

[88, 89]

   Angiogenin

EO, P

[75]

   Thrombospondin

EO, RA = C, P

[69, 90]

   Pleiotrophin

EO, P, M

[143]

   Angiotensin converting enzyme

EO, P

[91]

   Ets 1 transcription factor

EO, RA > C, M, P

[92]

   Axl tyrosine kinase

EO, P

[93]

Proinflammatory cytokines, other mediators and their receptors

  

   IL-1

EO, P

[97]

   Type 1 IL-1 receptor

EO, P

[97]

   IL-1 receptor antagonist

EO, P

[97]

   Tumour necrosis factor alpha

EO, RA > C, P

[100]

   Tumour necrosis factor receptors

EO, P

[99, 103]

   IL-15

EO, P

[110]

   IL-17 receptor

E, RA > C, P

[112]

   Substance P receptor

E, P

[67]

   Parathyroid hormone-related protein

E, M, P

[144]

   Kinin B2 receptor

EO, RA = C, P

[116]

   Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1

EO, RA > C, M, P

[113]

   Urocortin

EO, P

[114]

   Endothelin-1

E, P

[145]

   Stem cell factor

EO, RA = C, P

[118]

   Somatostatin receptor (sst2a)

EO, P

[119]

   Midkine

EO, RA > C, P

[117]

   Osteoprotegerin

EO, P

[146]

Proteases

  

   MMP-1 (collagenase)

EO, RA > C, M

[120]

   MMP-3 (stromelysin)

EO, M

[122]

   MMP-9 (gelatinase B)

EO, RA > C, P

[123]

   MMP-13 (collagenase 3)

EO, RA > C, P

[124]

   Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase

EO, RA > C, M

[125]

   Cathepsin B and cathepsin L

EO, RA > C, M

[120]

   Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor

EO, RA > C, P

[127]

   Tissue-type plasminogen activator

E, RA = C, P

[128]

   TIMP-1 and TIMP-2

EO, RA > C, P

[130]

Other genes

  

   MHC class II

EO, P

[147]

   c-fos

EO, RA > C, P

[138]

   Ras

EO, P

[126]

   Pentraxin (PTX3)

EO, P

[139]

   Thy-1 glycoprotein

E, P

[148]

   Prostaglandin E

EO, RA > C, P

[133]

   Cyclooxygenase-2

EO, RA > C, P

[132]

   Phospholipase A2 activating protein

EO, P

[134]

   Inducible nitric oxide synthase

EO, RA > C, M, P

[136]

   Annexin IV and annexin VI

EO, P

[140]

  1. aIn the case of soluble mediators such as cytokines, the presence of a protein within a cell does not necessarily mean that it is produced there. It may be produced elsewhere and bound and internalised by the cell of interest. bE, endothelial selective distribution, a potential marker for these cells; EO, gene expressed by endothelial and other cells in the synovium; RA < C, gene expression lesser in RA synovium than in control synovium; RA > C, gene expression greater in RA synovium than in control synovium; RA = C, gene expressed equally in RA synovium and control synovium; P, protein studied; M, mRNA studied.
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

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