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Figure 2 | Arthritis Res Ther

Figure 2

From: Equipoise, design bias, and randomized controlled trials: the elusive ethics of new drug development

Figure 2

Presentation of a randomized trial protocol for consideration by a patient. This presents an idealized sequence of invitation, factual evaluation, ethical valuation, decision, and randomization. Note that factual evaluation contrasts benefits and risks of usual care versus the expected benefits and risks of the trial after pooling all arms, and that the decision point always comes before randomization and hence is independent of the relative expectations for the different arms of the trial.

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