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Table 1 Clinical central nervous system manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus patients included in the study

From: Intrathecal levels of matrix metalloproteinases in systemic lupus erythematosus with central nervous system engagement

CNS manifestations

NPSLE

(n = 43)

No NPSLE

(n = 71)

aPL syndrome

(n = 9)

Acute confusional state

1

1

0

Anxiety disorder

0

5

0

Aseptic meningitis

1

0

0

Cerebrovascular disease

6

8

4

Cognitive dysfunction

9

19

1

Demyelinating syndrome

4

1

0

Headache

8

21

4

Mood disorders

5

11

1

Movement disorder

2

0

3

Myastenia gravis

0

2

0

Myelopathy

1

1

0

Polyneuropathy

0

1

0

Mononeuropathy

0

1

0

Neuropathy

0

1

0

Psychosis

7

1

0

Seizure disorders

6

2

0

Tiredness

0

8

0

  1. Each patient may have had multiple clinical manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. aPL, antiphospholipid; NPSLE, neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.