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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study groups

From: Aerobic exercise and its impact on musculoskeletal pain in older adults: a 14 year prospective, longitudinal study

 

Runners' Association (n = 492)

Community controls (n = 374)

Runners

   

Ever (n = 565)

Never (n = 301)

Male (%)

83

56

84

50

Mean (SE)

    

   Age (years)

61.6 (0.25)a

65.1 (0.36)

61.7 (0.25)a

65.6 (0.41)

   Education (years)

16.6 (0.11)

16.7 (0.13)

16.7 (0.10)

16.5 (0.15)

   BMI (kg/m2)

22.9 (0.11)a

24.2 (0.18)

23.0 (0.11)a

24.3 (0.21)

   Pain (VAS 0–100; 0 = no pain)

20.7 (1.05)a

25.7 (1.27)

20.4 (0.98)a

26.6 (1.44)

   Hospital days/past year

0.27 (0.05)

0.34 (0.08)

0.24 (0.05)

0.41(0.09)

   Running miles (week)

25.5 (0.65)a

2.1 (0.30)

23.1 (0.64)a

1.06 (0.29)

   Exercise minutes (week)

313.6 (9.2)a

123.2 (6.8)

290.8 (8.7)a

119.9 (7.2)

   Cigarette (packs/day)

0.02 (0.01)a

0.08 (0.02)

0.01 (0.01)a

0.11 (0.02)

   Alcohol (oz./day)

1.08 (0.06)

1.22 (0.06)

1.11 (0.05)

1.22 (0.07)

Subjects (%) with history of

    

   Arthritis

35

41

35*

43

   Fractures

53

47

52

48

   Cancer

0.002

0.005

0.004

0.003

  1. ap < 0.05 Runners' Association versus community controls or Ever-Runners versus Never-Runners. BMI, body mass index; VAS, visual analog scale.