| Runners' Association (n = 492) | Community controls (n = 374) | Runners | |
---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  | Ever (n = 565) | Never (n = 301) |
Male (%) | 83 | 56 | 84 | 50 |
Mean (SE) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Age (years) | 61.6 (0.25)a | 65.1 (0.36) | 61.7 (0.25)a | 65.6 (0.41) |
   Education (years) | 16.6 (0.11) | 16.7 (0.13) | 16.7 (0.10) | 16.5 (0.15) |
   BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 (0.11)a | 24.2 (0.18) | 23.0 (0.11)a | 24.3 (0.21) |
   Pain (VAS 0–100; 0 = no pain) | 20.7 (1.05)a | 25.7 (1.27) | 20.4 (0.98)a | 26.6 (1.44) |
   Hospital days/past year | 0.27 (0.05) | 0.34 (0.08) | 0.24 (0.05) | 0.41(0.09) |
   Running miles (week) | 25.5 (0.65)a | 2.1 (0.30) | 23.1 (0.64)a | 1.06 (0.29) |
   Exercise minutes (week) | 313.6 (9.2)a | 123.2 (6.8) | 290.8 (8.7)a | 119.9 (7.2) |
   Cigarette (packs/day) | 0.02 (0.01)a | 0.08 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.01)a | 0.11 (0.02) |
   Alcohol (oz./day) | 1.08 (0.06) | 1.22 (0.06) | 1.11 (0.05) | 1.22 (0.07) |
Subjects (%) with history of | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Arthritis | 35 | 41 | 35* | 43 |
   Fractures | 53 | 47 | 52 | 48 |
   Cancer | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.004 | 0.003 |