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Table 2 Baseline characteristics by study group and gender

From: Aerobic exercise and its impact on musculoskeletal pain in older adults: a 14 year prospective, longitudinal study

 

Runners' Association

Community Controls

Ever-Runners

Never-Runners

 

Female (n = 82)

Male (n = 410)

Female (n = 163)

Male (n = 211)

Female (n = 93)

Male (n = 472)

Female (n = 152)

Male (n = 149)

Mean (SE)

        

   Age (years)

59.9 (0.5)a

62.0 (0.3)a

65.5 (0.5)

64.6 (0.5)

60.3 (0.5)a

62.0 (0.3)a

65.7 (0.6)

65.5 (0.6)

   Education (years)

16.3 (0.3)

16.6 (0.1)a

15.8 (0.2)

17.5 (0.2)

16.4 (0.3)a

16.8 (0.1)

15.7 (0.2)

17.3 (0.2)

   BMI (kg/m2)

21.6 (0.2)a

23.2 (0.1)a

23.2 (0.3)

25.0 (0.2)

21.6 (0.2)a

23.3 (0.1)a

23.4 (0.3)

25.3 (0.3)

   Pain (VAS 0–100; 0 = no pain)

20.9 (2.6)a

20.7 (1.2)

27.6 (2.1)

23.0 (1.6)

19.6 (2.4)a

20.5 (1.1)

28.8 (2.1)

24.3 (1.9)

   Hospital days/past year

0.09 (0.1)a

0.31 (0.1)

0.45 (0.1)

0.25 (0.1)

0.08 (0.0)a

0.28 (0.1)

0.48 (0.2)

0.33 (0.1)

   Running miles (week)

19.4 (1.3)a

26.9 (0.7)a

0.99 (0.4)

3.0 (0.4)

17.4 (1.34)a

24.3 (0.7)a

0.9 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

   Exercise minutes (week)

310.8 (19.8)a

314.2 (10.3)a

115.8 (10.0)

129.0 (9.1)

283.9 (18.9)a

292.2 (9.7)a

118.2 (10.8)

121.6 (9.4)

   Cigarette (packs/day)

0.09 (0.04)

0.01 (0.04)a

0.13 (0.0)

0.05 (0.0)

0.05 (0.0)a

0.01 (0.0)a

0.16 (0.0)

0.06 (0.0)

   Alcohol (oz./day)

1.0 (0.1)

1.1 (0.1)a

1.0 (0.8)

1.4 (0.1)

0.98 (0.1)

1.14 (0.1)a

1.01 (0.1)

1.46 (0.1)

Subjects (%) with history of

        

   Arthritis

45

33

47

36

42

33

49

36

   Fractures

54

53

41

52

51

52

42

54

   Cancer

0

0.002

0

0.009

0

0.004

0

0.007

  1. ap < 0.05 male or female Runners' Association versus matched community controls or male or female Ever-Runners versus matched gender Never-Runners. BMI, body mass index; VAS, visual analog scale.