Figure 4From: Polarized subsets of human T-helper cells induce distinct patterns of chemokine production by normal and systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblastsCytokine content in the membranes of activated Th1 and Th2 cell clones. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in Th cell membranes. Th cells were activated by CD3 cross-linking for six hours before membrane preparation. The bars represent the mean ± standard deviation of six Th1 and six Th2 cell clones, and indicate the cytokine levels in the cell membranes from 2 × 105 cells. When a given cytokine was not detectable, it was assigned the value 0 for mean determination. *P < 0.05. IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; ND, not detectable; Th, T-helper; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.Back to article page