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Figure 4 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Figure 4

From: Expression and function of inducible co-stimulator in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: possible involvement in excessive interferon-γ and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody production

Figure 4

Cytokine production by peripheral blood T cells from SLE patients after ICOS co-stimulation. Peripheral blood T cells were isolated from patients with active SLE (n = 14), patients with inactive SLE (n = 12) and normal control individuals (n = 12) and cultured with or without ICOS co-stimulation for 72 hours; the culture supernatants were collected and the production of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 were determined by ELISA. (a) Production of IFN-γ without stimulation. (b) Production of IFN-γ with ICOS co-stimulation. (c) The production of IL-4 and IL-10 with or without ICOS co-stimulation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.005 by Mann-Whitney U-test. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.005 by Wilcoxon rank sum test. ICOS, inducible co-stimulator; NC, normal control; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.

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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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