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Figure 4 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Figure 4

From: The S100A8/A9 heterodimer amplifies proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages via activation of nuclear factor kappa B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in rheumatoid arthritis

Figure 4

Induction of proinflammatory cytokine production by monocytes after stimulation with S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/9. Monocytes were purified by negative selection from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy individuals. The monocyte suspensions (1 × 106 cells per ml in culture medium with 10% fetal calf serum) were incubated with or without S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/A9 (0.1–10 μM) in the presence of polymyxin B (100 μg/ml). Culture supernatants were harvested 24 hours later. Cytokine concentrations were measured by cytometric beads array (using anticytokine monoclonal antibody [mAb]-coated beads and phycoerythrin-conjugated anticytokine mAbs). Values are the mean ± standard error of the mean. IL, interleukin; n, number of samples tested; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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