The role of leptin in innate and adaptive immune responses

Table 2 Effects of leptin or leptin receptor deficiency and leptin administration in disease models mediated by adaptive immune responses in mice

Models	WT mice	ob/ob mice	db/db mice	Leptin injection	References
Non-obese diabetic mice	↑ Serum leptin before onset of diabetes			↑ Destruction of insulin-producing β-cells	[75]
				↑ IFN-γ production by T lymphocytes
AIA		↓ Arthritis severity	↓ Arthritis severity		[35]
		↓ Anti-mBSA Abs	↓ Anti-mBSA Abs
		↓ Ex vivo T-cell proliferation	↓ Ex vivo T-cell proliferation
		↓ IFN-γ and	↓ IFN-γ and
		↑ IL-10 production	↑ IL-10 production
EAE	↑ Serum leptin before onset of EAE Serum leptin correlated with EAE susceptibility	↓ Susceptibility		↑ Severity in SJL females SJL males: become susceptible Restored susceptibility in ob/ob mice associated to Th2 to Th1 switch	[42]
	Administration of anti-leptin Abs or soluble leptin receptors:
	↓ Disease severity
T-cell mediated hepatitis		Protected from liver damage		ob/ob mice: restored susceptibility	[70, 110]
		↓ TNF-α and IL-18
Colitis		↓ Severity			[71]
		↓ Local release of proinflammatory cytokines
Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis		Protected			[74]

Up and down arrows indicate increase and decrease, respectively. Abs, antibodies; AIA, antigen-induced arthritis; db/db, leptin receptor deficient mice; EAE, autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ob/ob, leptin deficient mice; Th, T helper; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; WT, wild-type.

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