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Table 3 Marital status, sexual behavior, and venereal diseases and risk of rheumatoid arthritis, Denmark 1998 to 2003

From: Environmental risk factors differ between rheumatoid arthritis with and without auto-antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptides

 

Women

Men

Both genders

 

Number of patients/controls

ORa (95% CI)

Number of patients/controls

ORa (95% CI)

ORa (95% CI)

Marital status

     

   Married or cohabiting with partner

267/352

1 (ref)

116/229

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

   Widowed

12/20

0.65 (0.29 to 1.45)

4/4

2.04 (0.44 to 9.51)

0.91 (0.46 to 1.81)

   Divorced or separated

40/58

0.84 (0.54 to 1.33)

10/41

0.43 (0.20 to 0.92)

0.73 (0.50 to 1.06)

   Unmarried

47/48

1.52 (0.93 to 2.49)

19/17

2.55 (1.16 to 5.61)

1.71 (1.14 to 2.58)

   Test for homogeneity (p)

 

0.19

 

0.007

0.02

Lifetime number of sexual partners of opposite sex

     

   0 to 1

70/85

1 (ref)

16/44

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

   2 to 5

160/184

1.13 (0.76 to 1.68)

51/79

1.74 (0.84 to 3.59)

1.26 (0.90 to 1.77)

   6 to 10

79/124

0.87 (0.56 to 1.37)

36/58

1.62 (0.75 to 3.51)

1.04 (0.71 to 1.51)

   11 to 20

35/63

0.69 (0.39 to 1.22)

21/48

1.26 (0.54 to 2.95)

0.84 (0.53 to 1.31)

   21 to 30

8/9

1.15 (0.40 to 3.29)

6/32

0.48 (0.16 to 1.48)

0.65 (0.32 to 1.30)

   >30

8/5

2.10 (0.62 to 7.16)

10/20

1.16 (0.38 to 3.55)

1.29 (0.63 to 2.64)

   Trend test (p)

 

0.95

 

0.21

0.44

Age at first sexual intercourse

     

   ≤14 years

24/36

0.98 (0.54 to 1.75)

11/27

0.69 (0.30 to 1.57)

0.88 (0.55 to 1.40)

   15 to 17 years

170/228

1 (ref)

59/104

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

   18 to 20 years

136/164

1.06 (0.77 to 1.46)

51/113

0.83 (0.51 to 1.37)

0.99 (0.76 to 1.29)

   >20 years

29/42

0.80 (0.46 to 1.39)

26/44

1.11 (0.59 to 2.09)

0.95 (0.64 to 1.43)

   Trend test (p)

 

0.62

 

0.53

0.98

Lifetime number of anal-intercourse partners of opposite sex

     

   0

273/339

1 (ref)

111/230

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

   1

69/93

0.99 (0.68 to 1.45)

20/34

1.28 (0.67 to 2.42)

1.06 (0.77 to 1.46)

   ≥2

17/37

0.65 (0.34 to 1.22)

14/25

0.99 (0.45 to 2.20)

0.82 (0.51 to 1.32)

   Trend test (p)

 

0.30

 

0.76

0.63

Venereal disease b

     

   Never

292/362

1 (ref)

117/223

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

   Ever

67/102

0.85 (0.59 to 1.22)

30/57

1.02 (0.60 to 1.73)

0.90 (0.67 to 1.21)

   Test for homogeneity (p)

 

0.38

 

0.95

0.48

  1. Due to missing values for some individuals, numbers do not always add up to 366 female and 149 male patients with RA and 478 female and 291 male controls. aAdjusted for birth year, year or pseudo-year of RA diagnosis, and (when combined) gender. bOne or more of the following: chlamydia, herpes, acuminate condylomas, gonorrhea, or syphilis. CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference.
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

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