Figure 3From: The proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α induce the expression of Synoviolin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, in mouse synovial fibroblasts via the Erk1/2-ETS1 pathwayInduction of Synoviolin (SYN) expression by proinflammatory cytokines. (a) Mouse synovial fibroblasts were starved for 24 hours and then cultivated for 48 hours with each proinflammatory cytokine, including 10 ng/ml of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, or IL-6. The expression of SYN was tested by Western blotting by using anti-SYN antibody (top panel). As a control, the protein level of actin was detected using the same membrane (bottom panel). (b) The total RNA from the cultured synovial fibroblasts was isolated and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. The levels of SYN cDNA were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction by using SYN-specific primers. Error bars represent the results from three independent experiments (mean ± standard deviation).Back to article page