Table 2 Genes whose expression showed the greatest change following incubation of chondrocytes with elevated glucosamine alone

Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 8

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3

Kinesin-like protein 1

Selenium binding protein 2

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

Cytoskeleton associated protein 2

Kinesin-related protein KRP1

Shc SH2-domain binding protein 1

Calmodulin

DVS27-related protein

Lactose operon repressor^a

Solute carrier family 4, member 4

Carbonic anhydrase 3

Dynein, cytoplasmic, intermediate chain 1

Microtubule-associated motor KIF4

Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3, neutral

Cell cycle protein division p55CDC

ER transmembrane protein Dri 42

NAD-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin deshydrogenase

Testin (TES1/TES2)

Cell division cycle 2 homolog A

Esk splice form 1

Neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated gene 4A^a

Thymidine kinase 1

Cell proliferation antigen Ki-67

Frizzled related protein (sfrp2 gene)^a

Neuropilin

Topoisomerase (DNA)2 alpha

Cell-cycle-dependent 350K nuclear protein

G2/mitotic-specific cyclin B₁^a

NUF2R protein

Transforming acidic coiled-coil containing protein 3

c-fos-induced growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor D)

Glycine amidinotransferase (l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase)

Pituitary tumor-transforming 1

Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme

Chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 12^a

Heat shock protein 90 beta

Polo-like kinase homolog

Vascular endothelial growth factor D precursor

Clathrin light chain A (Lca)

Hyaluronon mediated motility receptor (RHAMM)

Protein regulating cytokinesis 1

Cyclin B₁

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3

Rac GTPase-activating protein 1^a

Genes whose mean RNA levels were increased more than fivefold relative to untreated controls

Aldose reductase-like protein

High mobility group AT-hook 1

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 type a

Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1

ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 1

Matrix metalloproteinase 13

Smhs 1 protein

V-maf musculoapaneurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family protein B

CD28 antigen

Myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase A1

Sodium-coupled ascorbic acid transporter 2

FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 2

NADH-ubiquitone oxidoreductase MLRQ subunit

Solute carrier family 1, member 3