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Table 2 Association between risk factors and having stiff or painful joints among mid-age women (n = 4,780)

From: Relationship between physical activity and stiff or painful joints in mid-aged women and older women: a 3-year prospective study

 

Stiff or painful joints 'sometimes or often'

Stiff or painful joints 'often'

Variable at Time 1

Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Adjusteda odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Adjusteda odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Education

    

   Less than high school

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Some high school

0.77 (0.65–0.92)

0.83 (0.69–0.99)

0.55 (0.43–0.71)

0.58 (0.45–0.75)

   Completed high school

0.73 (0.60–0.90)

0.80 (0.65–0.99)

0.50 (0.37–0.68)

0.55 (0.40–0.76)

   Trade certificate/university degree

0.64 (0.52–0.78)

0.70 (0.56–0.87)

0.49 (0.35–0.67)

0.55 (0.39–0.77)

   Missing

0.97 (0.51–1.82)

0.92 (0.48–1.75)

1.51 (0.70–3.26)

1.30 (0.58–2.93)

Area of residence

    

   Urban

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

   Large town

0.87 (0.73–1.05)

0.87 (0.72–1.05)

0.8 (0.58–1.11)

0.77 (0.55–1.07)

   Small town/remote area

1.11 (0.98–1.26)

1.09 (0.96–1.24)

1.14 (0.93–1.39)

1.08 (0.88–1.34)

   Missing

0.83 (0.49–1.40)

0.83 (0.49–1.42)

0.3 (0.75–1.28)

0.32 (0.76–1.33)

Country of birth

    

   Australia

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Other English-speaking

1.07 (0.91–1.27)

1.12 (0.95–1.33)

0.70 (0.51–0.95)

0.70 (0.51–0.97)

   Non-English speaking

0.97 (0.78–1.21)

1.02 (0.82–1.28)

0.96 (0.67–1.36)

0.99 (0.69–1.43)

   Missing

1.35 (0.99–1.84)

1.36 (0.99–1.88)

1.64 (1.06–2.53)

1.61 (1.02–2.53)

Depression

    

   No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Yes

1.56 (1.29–1.94)

1.44 (1.17–1.78)

2.10 (1.60–2.77)

1.76 (1.32–2.35)

Number of chronic diseases

    

   0

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   1

1.41 (1.24–1.61)

1.35 (1.18–1.54)

1.78 (1.43–2.20)

1.62 (1.30–2.02)

   2

1.54 (1.26–1.89)

1.37 (1.11–1.67)

2.67 (2.01–3.54)

2.17 (1.61–2.91)

   3

1.93 (1.35–2.75)

1.67 (1.17–2.40)

2.53 (1.55–4.14)

1.96 (1.18–3.25)

   4 or more

1.47 (0.77–2.82)

1.10 (0.56–2.14)

3.04 (1.32–7.01)

1.89 (0.79–4.49)

Smoking status

    

   Never

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Former

1.00 (0.88–1.14)

0.99 (0.87–1.12)

1.23 (1.00–1.54)

1.21 (0.97–1.50)

   Current

1.14 (0.95–1.36)

1.08 (0.90–1.30)

1.44 (1.09–1.91)

1.35 (1.01–1.81)

   Missing

2.23 (0.63–7.91)

2.11 (0.59–7.60)

2.56 (0.54–12.10)

2.70 (0.55–13.2)

Body mass index

    

   <20 kg/m2

1.03 (0.79–1.36)

1.03 (0.78–1.36)

1.22 (0.76–1.95)

1.25 (0.78–2.01)

   ≥ 20 and <25 kg/m2

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m2

1.10 (0.96–1.27)

1.06 (0.92–1.23)

1.46 (1.15–1.86)

1.36 (1.06–1.74)

   ≥ 30 kg/m2

1.63 (1.38–1.92)

1.46 (1.23–1.73)

2.22 (1.73–2.86)

1.83 (1.41–2.38)

   Missing

1.32 (1.05–1.66)

1.29 (1.02–1.62)

1.43 (0.98–2.08)

1.35 (0.92–2.00)

Physical activity

    

   None (<40 MET.min/week)

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

   Very low (40 to <300 MET.min/week)

0.86 (0.71–1.05)

0.93 (0.76–1.14)

0.92 (0.67–1.26)

1.08 (0.78–1.49)

   Low (300 to <600 MET.min/week)

0.77 (0.63–0.94)

0.88 (0.71–1.08)

0.87 (0.63–1.19)

1.15 (0.82–1.60)

   Moderate (600 to <1,200 MET.min/week)

0.82 (0.68–0.99)

0.94 (0.77–1.14)

0.71 (0.52–0.97)

0.91 (0.66–1.27)

   High (1,200+ MET.min/week)

0.75 (0.62–0.90)

0.88 (0.72–1.06)

0.78 (0.58–1.05)

1.06 (0.78–1.45)

  1. aAdjusted for all other variables in the table.