| Stiff or painful joints 'sometimes or often' | Stiff or painful joints 'often' | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variable at Time 1 | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusteda odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Unadjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Adjusteda odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Less than high school | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Some high school | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.55 (0.43–0.71) | 0.58 (0.45–0.75) |
   Completed high school | 0.73 (0.60–0.90) | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) | 0.50 (0.37–0.68) | 0.55 (0.40–0.76) |
   Trade certificate/university degree | 0.64 (0.52–0.78) | 0.70 (0.56–0.87) | 0.49 (0.35–0.67) | 0.55 (0.39–0.77) |
   Missing | 0.97 (0.51–1.82) | 0.92 (0.48–1.75) | 1.51 (0.70–3.26) | 1.30 (0.58–2.93) |
Area of residence | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Urban | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
   Large town | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) | 0.87 (0.72–1.05) | 0.8 (0.58–1.11) | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) |
   Small town/remote area | 1.11 (0.98–1.26) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 1.14 (0.93–1.39) | 1.08 (0.88–1.34) |
   Missing | 0.83 (0.49–1.40) | 0.83 (0.49–1.42) | 0.3 (0.75–1.28) | 0.32 (0.76–1.33) |
Country of birth | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Australia | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Other English-speaking | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 1.12 (0.95–1.33) | 0.70 (0.51–0.95) | 0.70 (0.51–0.97) |
   Non-English speaking | 0.97 (0.78–1.21) | 1.02 (0.82–1.28) | 0.96 (0.67–1.36) | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) |
   Missing | 1.35 (0.99–1.84) | 1.36 (0.99–1.88) | 1.64 (1.06–2.53) | 1.61 (1.02–2.53) |
Depression | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Yes | 1.56 (1.29–1.94) | 1.44 (1.17–1.78) | 2.10 (1.60–2.77) | 1.76 (1.32–2.35) |
Number of chronic diseases | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   1 | 1.41 (1.24–1.61) | 1.35 (1.18–1.54) | 1.78 (1.43–2.20) | 1.62 (1.30–2.02) |
   2 | 1.54 (1.26–1.89) | 1.37 (1.11–1.67) | 2.67 (2.01–3.54) | 2.17 (1.61–2.91) |
   3 | 1.93 (1.35–2.75) | 1.67 (1.17–2.40) | 2.53 (1.55–4.14) | 1.96 (1.18–3.25) |
   4 or more | 1.47 (0.77–2.82) | 1.10 (0.56–2.14) | 3.04 (1.32–7.01) | 1.89 (0.79–4.49) |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Never | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Former | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 1.23 (1.00–1.54) | 1.21 (0.97–1.50) |
   Current | 1.14 (0.95–1.36) | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) | 1.44 (1.09–1.91) | 1.35 (1.01–1.81) |
   Missing | 2.23 (0.63–7.91) | 2.11 (0.59–7.60) | 2.56 (0.54–12.10) | 2.70 (0.55–13.2) |
Body mass index | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   <20 kg/m2 | 1.03 (0.79–1.36) | 1.03 (0.78–1.36) | 1.22 (0.76–1.95) | 1.25 (0.78–2.01) |
   ≥ 20 and <25 kg/m2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   ≥ 25 and <30 kg/m2 | 1.10 (0.96–1.27) | 1.06 (0.92–1.23) | 1.46 (1.15–1.86) | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) |
   ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 1.63 (1.38–1.92) | 1.46 (1.23–1.73) | 2.22 (1.73–2.86) | 1.83 (1.41–2.38) |
   Missing | 1.32 (1.05–1.66) | 1.29 (1.02–1.62) | 1.43 (0.98–2.08) | 1.35 (0.92–2.00) |
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   None (<40 MET.min/week) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
   Very low (40 to <300 MET.min/week) | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 0.92 (0.67–1.26) | 1.08 (0.78–1.49) |
   Low (300 to <600 MET.min/week) | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 0.88 (0.71–1.08) | 0.87 (0.63–1.19) | 1.15 (0.82–1.60) |
   Moderate (600 to <1,200 MET.min/week) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 0.71 (0.52–0.97) | 0.91 (0.66–1.27) |
   High (1,200+ MET.min/week) | 0.75 (0.62–0.90) | 0.88 (0.72–1.06) | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 1.06 (0.78–1.45) |