Table 1 Features of major human dendritic cell subsets
From: Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Dendritic cells
| Â | Dendritic cell subset | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Myeloid (also known as conventional) | Â | |
Feature | Epithelial Langerhans cells | Interstitial tissue dendritic cells | Plasmacytoid |
Progenitors | CD34+, giving rise to common myeloid progenitors, common lymphoid progenitors, monocytes | CD34+, common myeloid progenitors, common lymphoid progenitors | |
Progenitor homeostatic and expansion factors | FLT3-L, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, IL-4 | FLT3-L, IL-3 | |
| Â | Transforming growth factor beta, TNF | Â | Â |
Specific markers | Langerin, E-cadherin, CD1a | DC-SIGN, CD1c, BDCA3, S100 | CD123, BDCA-2, BDCA-4 |
Toll-like receptors | All except TLR7, TLR8 | TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR8 | TLR7, TLR9 |
Major cytokines produced |  | IL-12 | IFN-α |
| Â | Produce proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to a variety of signals | ||
Tissue location | Epithelium and epithelial draining lymph nodes | Nonepithelial tissues, lymph node, spleen, thymus | Lymph node, spleen, inflamed tissues |
Found in rheumatoid arthritis synovium | Yes (CD1a+ dendritic cells) | Yes | Yes |