Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

Age when magnetic resonance imaging performed (years)

58.0 (5.5)

Female (n (%))

184 (63%)

Variables in 1990–1994

   Body mass index (kg/m²)

25.2 (3.8)

   Vegetables (times/day) (median (interquartile range))

5.0 (4.0–7.0)

   Fruits (times/day) (median (interquartile range))

4.0 (2.0–5.0)

   Energy from dietary intake (kJ/day)

9,364.9 (3,067.5)

   Vitamin C (mg/day)

218.3 (107.3)

   Vitamin E (mg/day)

8.3 (3.4)

   Carotenoids

α-Carotene (μg/day)

1,387.0 (697.3)

β-Carotene (μg/day)

5,821.1 (2,507.0)

β-Cryptoxanthin (μg/day)

421.3 (348.1)

Lutein and zeaxanthin (μg/day)

1,822.5 (908.9)

Lycopene (μg/day)

7,782.6 (5,067.5)

Variables in 2003–2004

   Tibial cartilage volume (mm³)

3,731 (1,118)

   Presence of any tibiofemoral cartilage defects (n (%))

181 (62%)

   Tibial plateau bone area (mm²)

3,302 (475)

   Presence of any tibiofemoral bone marrow lesions (n (%))

39 (13%)