Effect of antioxidants on knee cartilage and bone in healthy, middle-aged subjects: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Relationship between vitamin C and vitamin E intake and knee structures

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Regression coefficient (odds ratio (95% confidence interval))	P value	Regression coefficient (odds ratio (95% confidence interval))	P value
Vitamin C
Cartilage volume^a	-41.9 (-173.2 to 89.4)	0.53	-60.8 (-147.9 to 26.3)	0.17
Cartilage defects^b	1.03 (0.81–1.31)	0.82	1.02 (0.76–1.36)	0.90
Bone area^c	-9.3 (-65.1 to 46.5)	0.74	-35.5 (-68.8 to -2.3)	0.04
Bone marrow lesions^d	0.63 (0.40–0.99)	0.05	0.50 (0.29–0.87)	0.01
Vitamin E
Cartilage volume	186.5 (58.4–314.5)	0.004	57.3 (-37.8 to 152.4)	0.24
Cartilage defects	0.96 (0.76–1.22)	0.74	1.00 (0.72–1.33)	0.89
Bone area	73.8 (19.3–128.2)	0.01	27.0 (-9.6 to 63.6)	0.15
Bone marrow lesions	1.10 (0.80–1.50)	0.56	1.10 (0.73–1.66)	0.66

^aChange in tibial cartilage volume (mm³) per standard-deviation increase in vitamin C/vitamin E intake before and after adjusting for energy intake, age, gender, body mass index, and tibial plateau bone area.
^bOdds ratio of tibiofemoral cartilage defects being present per standard-deviation increase in vitamin C/vitamin E intake before and after adjusting for energy intake, age, gender, body mass index, and tibial cartilage volume.
^cChange in tibial plateau bone area (mm²) per standard-deviation increase in vitamin C/vitamin E intake before and after adjusting for energy intake, age, gender, and body mass index.
^dOdds ratio of tibiofemoral bone marrow lesions being present per standard-deviation increase in vitamin C/vitamin E intake before and after adjusting for energy intake, age, gender, and body mass index.

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