Cells of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Macrophages

Table 2 Potential sites of myelomonocytic activation in rheumatoid arthritis and corresponding steps of macrophage intermediate or terminal (trans) differentiation

Compartment	Location	Differentiation step
Joint or juxta-articular	Synovial membrane	• Recently immigrated monocytes
		• Mφ (M1/M2? [64]; resident/inflammatory? [13])
		• Dendritic cells
	Cartilage-pannus junction	Mφ
	Subchondral bone	Osteoclasts
	Vascular endothelium	-
Extra-articular	Peripheral blood	Circulating monocytes
	Bone marrow	• Myelomonocytic precursors
		• Endothelial cells
	Subendothelial space	Mφ/foam cells/pericytes
	Rheumatoid nodules	Epitheloid cells and multinucleated giant cells
	Lung interstitial space	Alveolar Mφ

Mφ, macrophages. Reproduced with permission from Kinne RW, Stuhlmuller B, Palombo-Kinne E, Burmester GR: The role of macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. In Rheumatoid Arthritis. Edited by Firestein GS, Panayi GS, Wollheim FA. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006:55–75 [2].

ISSN: 1478-6362