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Table 2 Disease activity and lipid variables for the patients who followed the diet regimens for at least 3 months

From: Gluten-free vegan diet induces decreased LDL and oxidized LDL levels and raised atheroprotective natural antibodies against phosphorylcholine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized study

 

Vegan diet patients

Non-vegan diet patients

 

Baseline

3 months

P value

12 months

P value

Baseline

3 months

P value

12 months

P value

DAS28a

5.3 (5.0–5.7)

4.7 (4.3–5.2)

0.002

4.3 (3.8–4.9)

<0.001

5.3 (4.9–5.6)

5.0 (4.6–5.3)

0.014

5.0 (4.6–5.4)

0.19

HAQ scorea

1.4 (1.2–1.5)

1.1 (0.9–1.3)

0.010

1.0 (0.8–1.2)

0.001

1.3 (1.1–1.5)

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

0.62

1.2 (1.0–1.4)

0.59

CRPb

13 (6–26)

11 (5–29)

0.68

5 (4–20)

0.008

22 (5–32)

10 (5–33)

0.07

12 (4–19)

0.28

Albumina

36 (34–37)

34 (33–35)

0.013

36 (35–38)

0.43

35 (34–37)

37 (35–39)

0.06

37 (35–38)

0.06

Cholesterolb

5.2 (4.4–5.7)

4.3 (3.9–5.0)

<0.001

4.3 (3.8–5.1)

0.003

4.7 (4.2–5.3)

5.1 (4.3–5.5)

0.20

5.0 (4.0–5.5)

0.68

Triglyceridesa

1.1 (1.0–1.3)

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

0.43

1.1 (0.9–1.2)

0.32

1.1 (0.9–1.5)

1.2 (0.7–1.6)

0.79

1.1 (0.8–1.3)

0.69

HDLa

1.4 (1.3–1.5)

1.3 (1.2–1.4)

0.14

1.4 (1.3–1.6)

0.22

1.3 (1.2–1.3)

1.3 (1.2–1.4)

0.045

1.3 (1.2–1.4)

0.07

LDLb

3.2 (2.6–3.7)

1.3 (1.2–1.6)

<0.001

2.4 (2.1–3.0)

<0.001

2.9 (2.5–3.4)

3.1 (1.2–1.5)

0.23

3.2 (2.4–3.5)

0.83

LDL/HDLa

2.7 (2.2–3.1)

2.0 (1.8–2.3)

<0.001

1.9 (1.6–2.2)

<0.001

2.4 (2.2–2.7)

2.5 (2.2–2.7)

1.00

2.2 (2.0–2.5)

0.22

oxLDLa

54.7 (46.2–63.2)

49.4 (43.0–55.8)

0.021

48.6 (41.7–56.5)

0.09

54.5 (45.9–63.1)

54.8 (46.2–63.4)

0.88

55.2 (45.6–64.7)

0.57

anti-PC, IgMa

778 (706–849)

812 (729–896)

0.39

822 (743–900)

0.057

797 (676–918)

742 (620–864)

<0.001

731 (596–870)

0.003

anti-PC, IgGa

861 (761–962)

879 (785–974)

0.28

859 (760–957)

0.92

913 (814–1012)

900 (802–999)

0.46

880 (764–996)

0.47

anti-PC, IgAa

837 (588–1087)

938 (640–1234)

0.027

854 (595–1112)

0.26 0.62

798 (567–1030)

772 (539–1005)

0.17

745 (357–1028)

0.42

  1. aMean values (confidence interval 95%). bMedian values (25th to 75th percentile). P values are differences between baseline and 3 and 12 months, respectively, for each diet group. Anti-PC, antibody against phosphorylcholine; CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; oxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein.