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Table 6 PTPN22 genotype and smoking interactions according to RF status in NHS/NHSII pooled samples

From: Genetic polymorphisms in PTPN22, PADI-4, and CTLA-4 and risk for rheumatoid arthritis in two longitudinal cohort studies: evidence of gene-environment interactions with heavy cigarette smoking

Smoking status/pack-years

PTPN22 Genotype

All casesa

RF-positive casesb,c

RF-negative casesb,d

Smoking status

   Never

CC

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

   Ever

CC

1.10 (0.79–1.53)

1.37 (0.93–2.01)

1.02 (0.68–1.53)

   Never

CT/TT

1.07 (0.61–1.86)

1.57 (0.86–2.87)

0.87 (0.43–1.77)

   Ever

CT/TT

1.90 (1.14–3.16)

2.56 (1.47–4.46)

1.67 (0.91–3.06)

   Additive interaction

AP = 0.39 (95% CI -0.04 to +0.82); Padde = 0.08

AP = 0.24 (95% CI -0.26 to +0.75); Padde = 0.35

AP = 0.47 (95% CI -0.03 to +0.96); Padde = 0.07

   Multiplicative interaction

Pmultif = 0.20

Pmultif = 0.67

Pmultif = 0.18

Pack-years smoking

   <10

CC

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

1.00 (ref.)

   >10

CC

1.25 (0.89–1.75)

1.40 (0.96–2.05)

1.22 (0.81–1.83)

   <10

CT/TT

1.09 (0.69–1.73)

1.48 (0.89–2.47)

1.00 (0.55–1.82)

   >10

CT/TT

3.05 (1.64–5.66)

3.27 (1.74–6.15)

2.50 (1.25–5.00)

   Additive interaction

AP = 0.56 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.88); Padde = 0.0006

AP = 0.42 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.84); Padde = 0.04

AP = 0.51 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.93); Padde = 0.02

   Multiplicative interaction

Pmultif = 0.04

Pmultif = 0.28

Pmultif = 0.13

  1. Values are expressed as odds ratio (95% confidence interval). aConditional logistic regression, adjusting for parity, breast-feeding, menstrual irregularity, and age at menarche, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use. bUnconditional logistic regression adjusting for year of birth, parity, breast-feeding, menstrual irregularity, and age at menarche, menopausal status and postmenopausal hormone use. cRF-positive RA cases and all controls. dRF-negative RA cases and all controls. ePadd is the P value for attributable proportion (AP), one of the indices of additive interactions between binary smoking variable and binary PTPN22 genotype. fPmulti is the P value for multiplicative interaction term between binary smoking variable and binary PTPN22 genotype with one degree of freedom. NHS, Nurses' Health Study; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor.