From: Sleep structure and sleepiness in chronic fatigue syndrome with or without coexisting fibromyalgia
 | Healthy | Chronic fatigue syndrome |
---|---|---|
Number | 26 | 26 |
Age, years | 38 ± 8 | 39 ± 8 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 4.8 | 24.9 ± 5.2 |
CES-D score | 8 ± 7 | 17 ± 8a |
Sleep structure | Â | Â |
Time in bed, minutes | 453 ± 33 | 438 ± 42 |
Total sleep time, minutes | 385 ± 39 | 351 ± 54a |
Sleep efficiencyb, percentage | 85 ± 8 | 80 ± 10a |
Number of arousals per hour | 8.2 ± 5.2 | 5.7 ± 4.9 |
Wakefulness, minutes | 51 ± 38 | 61 ± 32 |
Stage 1, minutes | 44 ± 18 | 33 ± 17a |
Wakefulness plus stage 1, minutes | 96 ± 43 | 94 ± 35 |
Stage 2, minutes | 225 ± 36 | 198 ± 33a |
Stage 3, minutes | 29 ± 20 | 46 ± 23a |
Stage 4, minutes | 5 ± 11 | 10 ± 15 |
Slow-wave sleep (stage 3 + 4), minutes | 34 ± 26 | 56 ± 34 |
Stage REM, minutes | 84 ± 25 | 64 ± 26a |
Sleep latencyc, minutes | 16 ± 18 | 26 ± 26 |
REM latencyd, minutes | 105 ± 49 | 127 ± 65 |
Median duration of sleep runs, minutes | 15.6 ± 18.4 | 8.9 ± 5.7a |
Likert scale (0–15.5) |  |  |
   Sleepiness |  |  |
Evening | 6 ± 4 | 9 ± 5a |
Morning | 1 ± 2e | 8 ± 4a |
   Fatigue |  |  |
Evening | 4 ± 4 | 11 ± 3a |
Morning | 2 ± 2e | 9 ± 4a |
   Pain |  |  |
Evening | 1 ± 2 | 7 ± 5a |
Morning | 0 ± 1 | 7 ± 5a |
   Feeling blue |  |  |
Evening | 1 ± 2 | 2 ± 2 |
Morning | 0 ± 0e | 1 ± 3a |