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Figure 3 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Figure 3

From: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound activates the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt pathway and stimulates the growth of chondrocytes in three-dimensional cultures: a basic science study

Figure 3

High-magnification sections of chondrocyte–collagen sponges 1 and 2 weeks post culture. Sections of chondrocyte–collagen sponges 1 and 2 weeks post culture at high magnification (anti-collagen antibody type-II and type-IX stain, 100×). (a), (b) Anti-type-II collagen antibody staining of specimens after week 1 of culture. Brown staining of the matrix with anti-collagen type-II antibodies can be observed around the chondrocytes, indicating production of this collagen. (c), (d) Anti-type-II collagen antibody-stained specimens after week 2 of culture. Strong brown staining of the matrix can be observed around the cells at a similar level in both groups. (e), (f) Anti-type-IX collagen antibody-stained specimens after week 1 of culture. Positive brown staining of the matrix with anti-type-IX collagen antibodies can be observed around the cells, thus indicating the production of this collagen around the chondrocytes. (g), (h) Anti-type-IX collagen antibody stained specimens after week 2 of culture. Positive brown staining of the matrix with anti-type-IX collagen antibodies can be observed around the cells, thus indicating production of this collagen around the chondrocytes.

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