Table 2 Globally distributed arthritogenic alphaviruses
From: Virally associated arthritis 2008: clinical, epidemiologic, and pathophysiologic considerations
Arthritogenic alphavirus | Geographic distribution | Comments |
|---|---|---|
Ross River | Australia and Oceania | Reported in travelers and visiting US military personnel. |
Barmah Forest | Australia | Â |
Sindbis group | Africa, Asia, and Australia | Enzootic vertebrate hosts are birds. Also reported in travelers. |
   Karelian fever | Russia |  |
   Ockelbo | Sweden |  |
   Pogosta | Finland |  |
Mayaro | South America | Â |
O'nyong-nyong | Central and East Africa | Â |
Igbo Ora | Central Africa | Â |
Chikungunya | South and East Asia, Africa, West Pacific, and sporadic cases in Europe and the US | Reported in travelers from endemic areas to the US and Europe. Recent mosquito-borne outbreak described in Northern Italy. |