Menopause, postmenopausal hormone use and serum uric acid levels in US women – The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 2 Differences in serum uric acid levels (mg/dl) among women according to menopausal status^a

Menopausal status	Premenopausal	Natural menopause	Surgical menopause
Participants, n	4156	3047	459
Unadjusted difference (95% CI)	0 (referent)	0.80 (0.70 to 0.89)	0.68 (0.48 to 0.87)
Age-adjusted difference (95% CI)	0 (referent)	0.43 (0.28 to 0.58)	0.37 (0.17 to 0.57)
Multivariate difference^b (95% CI)	0 (referent)	0.33 (0.18 to 0.48)	0.34 (0.12 to 0.55)
Multivariate difference^c (95% CI)	0 (referent)	0.34 (0.19 to 0.49)	0.36 (0.14 to 0.57)

^aUric acid levels are reported in milligrams per decilitre (mg/dl); to convert to μm/l, multiply by 59.48. Data are presented incorporating sample weights and adjusted for clusters and strata of the complex sample design of NHANES III. ^bAdjusted for age, smoking status, body mass index, use of postmenopausal hormone, diuretics, beta-blockers, allopurinol and uricosuric agents, hypertension and glomerular filtration rate. ^cAdditionally adjusted for intake of alcohol, total meats, seafood, dairy foods, sugar-sweetened soft drinks, coffee and total energy. CI, confidence interval.