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Table 3 Health Assessment Questionnaire: differences between females and males by country

From: Women, men, and rheumatoid arthritis: analyses of disease activity, disease characteristics, and treatments in the QUEST-RA Study

 

Female,

mean (SD)

Male,

mean (SD)

Difference,

mean (95% CI)

Effect sizea

(95% CI)

Netherlands

0.89 (0.69)

0.62 (0.61)

0.27 (0.12 to 0.43)

0.42 (0.16 to 0.62)

Finland

0.84 (0.76)

0.60 (0.64)

0.24 (0.06 to 0.42)

0.33 (0.07 to 0.56)

USA

0.81 (0.68)

0.52 (0.67)

0.29 (0.12 to 0.46)

0.43 (0.16 to 0.67)

Greece

0.61 (0.71)

0.29 (0.45)

0.32 (0.15 to 0.50)

0.49 (0.29 to 0.68)

Denmark

0.85 (0.75)

0.59 (0.66)

0.26 (0.07 to 0.46)

0.36 (0.09 to 0.60)

Spain

1.10 (0.84)

0.75 (0.69)

0.35 (0.14 to 0.56)

0.44 (0.21 to 0.70)

France

0.99 (0.69)

0.67 (0.62)

0.32 (0.16 to 0.48)

0.48 (0.24 to 0.74)

Sweden

0.97 (0.65)

0.82 (0.63)

0.16 (-0.02 to 0.33)

0.25 (-0.02 to 0.54)

UK

1.06 (0.74)

0.80 (0.75)

0.26 (-0.04 to 0.55)

0.35 (-0.08 to 0.78)

Ireland

0.98 (0.71)

0.79 (0.75)

0.19 (-0.01 to 0.38)

0.26 (-0.04 to 0.55)

Canada

1.04 (0.72)

1.07 (0.73)

-0.03 (-0.40 to 0.34)

-0.04 (-0.58 to 0.44)

Turkey

1.01 (0.77)

0.70 (0.71)

0.31 (0.07 to 0.56)

0.41 (0.11 to 0.73)

Brazil

0.84 (0.74)

0.68 (0.72)

0.15 (-0.28 to 0.59)

0.21 (-0.45 to 0.72)

UAE

0.74 (0.63)

0.42 (0.46)

0.32 (0.07 to 0.56)

0.53 (0.19 to 0.81)

Germany

0.94 (0.70)

0.74 (0.65)

0.20 (-0.04 to 0.45)

0.29 (-0.04 to 0.65)

Italy

1.23 (0.82)

0.72 (0.71)

0.51 (0.30 to 0.71)

0.64 (0.40 to 0.89)

Estonia

1.18 (0.74)

1.08 (0.76)

0.11 (-0.22 to 0.43)

0.14 (-0.29 to 0.59)

Russia

1.24 (0.73)

1.33 (0.59)

-0.09 (-0.56 to 0.37)

-0.13 (-0.77 to 0.43)

Hungary

1.45 (0.66)

0.97 (0.73)

0.48 (0.15 to 0.82)

0.72 (0.08 to 1.23)

Latvia

1.52 (0.66)

1.14 (0.64)

0.38 (0.01 to 0.74)

0.58 (0.03 to 1.16)

Poland

1.40 (0.79)

1.27 (0.68)

0.14 (-0.04 to 0.31)

0.17 (-0.04 to 0.38)

Argentina

1.18 (0.86)

0.97 (0.66)

0.22 (-0.14 to 0.57)

0.26 (-0.11 to 0.58)

Lithuania

1.41 (0.67)

1.21 (0.59)

0.20 (0.00 to 0.40)

0.31 (0.04 to 0.59)

Serbia

1.63 (0.71)

1.24 (0.80)

0.40 (-0.04 to 0.84)

0.55 (-0.24 to 1.18)

Kosovo

1.58 (0.53)

1.34 (0.68)

0.25 (-0.06 to 0.55)

0.44 (-0.13 to 1.15)

All

1.09 (0.78)

0.76 (0.70)

0.33 (0.28 to 0.38)

0.43 (0.37 to 0.49)

  1. aCohen's D with bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from bootstrapping (1,000 replications). SD, standard deviation; UAE, United Arab Emirates.