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Table 3 Distribution of study subjects according to principal related medications

From: Treating patients with fibromyalgia in primary care settings under routine medical practice: a claim database cost and burden of illness study

Pain-related medication

FM patients

n = 1,081

Reference group

n = 62,445

Odds ratio

(95% CI)

P value

Antiepileptics

16.0

4.3

1.18 (0.97–1.44)

0.102

Benzodiazepines

52.4

19.6

1.47 (1.27–1.70)

<0.001

Sedatives and hypnotics

12.8

5.3

0.99 (0.81–1.22)

0.949

Corticosteroids

6.4

3.2

0.97 (0.73–1.29)

0.851

COX-2 inhibitors

0.6

0.2

0.81 (0.30–2.17)

0.673

NSAIDs

74.7

39.3

1.86 (1.59–2.17)

<0.001

Muscle relaxants

25.3

6.5

2.20 (1.88–2.59)

<0.001

Antidepressants

    

   TCAs

22.2

1.8

5.46 (4.56–6.53)

<0.001

   MAOIs

0.0

0.0

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

0.999

   SSRIs

36.3

9.8

2.08 (1.79–2.41)

<0.001

   Other antidepressants

16.3

2.2

2.90 (2.37–3.55)

<0.001

Opioids

    

   Short-acting opioids

0.1

0.1

0.20 (0.03–1.51)

0.118

   Long-acting opioids

30.5

3.8

3.56 (3.02–4.21)

<0.001

Antimigraine drugs

    

   Triptans

3.5

0.9

1.05 (0.71–1.57)

0.802

   Other antimigraine drugs

2.5

0.5

1.58 (1.00–2.49)

0.048

   Other analgesics

63.5

33.3

1.54 (1.33–1.78)

<0.001

   Miscellaneous

11.6

4.4

0.94 (0.75–1.16)

0.549

Medications per year, mean (SD)

3.7 (2.0)

1.4 (1.5)

1.96 (1.73–2.18)a

<0.001

  1. Unless otherwise indicated, all values are percentages. aValue is the mean difference (95% CI) between groups adjusted by age and gender. CI, confidence interval; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; FM, fibromyalgia; MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant.