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Table 2 Rheumatoid arthritis associated with quartiles of plasma androgens in the Nurses' Health Studies

From: A prospective study of androgen levels, hormone-related genes and risk of rheumatoid arthritis

 

Quartile 1

Quartile 2

Quartile 3

Quartile 4

P trenda

P continuousb

Free testosterone

      

   Median (controls)

0.028

0.046

0.061

0.085

  

   Cases/controls

25/98

36/98

37/98

33/98

  

   Unadjustedc

1.0

1.6 (0.8 to 2.9)

1.7 (0.9 to 3.2)

1.5 (0.8 to 3.0)

0.36

0.51

   Adjustedd

1.0

1.5 (0.8 to 2.8)

1.6 (0.8 to 3.3)

1.7 (0.8 to 3.5)

0.24

0.44

Total testosterone

      

   Median (controls)

11.0

18.0

23.0

34.0

  

   Cases/controls

32/104

33/103

31/96

36/92

  

   Unadjustedc

1.0

1.1 (0.6 to 1.9)

1.1 (0.6 to 2.1)

1.4 (0.7 to 2.5)

0.32

0.75

   Adjustedd

1.0

1.1 (0.6 to 2.0)

1.2 (0.6 to 2.4)

1.5 (0.8 to 2.9)

0.20

0.52

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

      

   Median (controls)

30.58

56.16

93.10

158.20

  

   Cases/controls

40/98

20/98

37/98

34/98

  

   Unadjustedc

1.0

0.5 (0.3 to 0.9)

0.9 (0.5 to 1.6)

0.8 (0.5 to 1.5)

0.85

0.51

   Adjustedd

1.0

0.5 (0.3 to 1.0)

0.9 (0.5 to 1.5)

0.7 (0.4 to 1.4)

0.66

0.71

  1. Data presented as relative risk (95% confidence interval), n = 132 preclinical rheumatoid arthritis cases/396 controls. aCalculated using median hormone level in each quartile and the Wald chi-square test. bCalculated using continuous hormone levels and the Wald chi-square test. cConditional logistic regression conditioned on strata defined by matched factors. dConditional logistic regression conditioned on matching factors, adjusted for body mass index (continuous), cigarette smoking (never, past, current smoker <15 cigarettes per day, current smoker ≥ 15 cigarettes per day), age at menarche, menstrual regularity, parity, breastfeeding.