Table 2 Summary of intervention studies
From: Exercise therapy for the management of osteoarthritis of the hip joint: a systematic review
Author | Design • Intervention • Control group • Recruitment • Diagnosis/Condition • Baseline pain levels | Intervention • Intervention category • Dosage • Exercises • Follow-up | Measures |
|---|---|---|---|
Green et al. [20] | • Hydrotherapy and home exercise • Home exercise only • 47 subjects referred from specialist clinics (mean age, 66.8 years) • OA hip diagnosed with radiology (with approximately 75% of subjects moderate to severe). Hip pain ≥ 6 months. Normal ESR and negative rheumatoid factor • No baseline pain measures provided. | • Hydrotherapy and home exercise vs. home exercise only • Two groups of subjects: Hydrotherapy and home exercise: (24 subjects) home exercise 2× daily and hydrotherapy 2× per week for 6 week Home exercise only: (23 subjects): 2× daily for 6 weeks with compliance monitored • 3 mobility and 2 strengthening exercises; 10 repetitions progressing to 30 • Baseline measurements 3 times over 6 weeks before intervention, immediately after intervention, then follow-up at 6 weeks and 3 months | Pain VAS Hip function Gait parameters |
Haslam [19] | • Acupuncture • Exercise therapy • 32 subjects referred from specialist clinics (> 39 years) • OA hip diagnosed with radiology, excluding RA, steroid injection, and hip surgery. Mean duration of symptoms was 6 and 9 years • No information provided concerning baseline pain levels | • Acupuncture vs. exercise therapy • Two groups of 16 subjects: Acupuncture: 25 minutes, 1× per week for 6 weeks Exercises and advice: baseline visit and 3-week check-up to correct exercises and progressed gently • 5 exercises (not described) • Measurements before and after intervention, then follow-up at 2 months | Self-reported pain and function Modified WOMAC questionnaire |
Hoeksma et al. [15] | • Combined exercise therapy • Comparison intervention manual therapy • 109 subjects referred from specialist clinics (> 60 years) • Unilateral OA hip diagnosed by using American College of Rheumatology criteria (with approximately 80% of subjects moderate to severe). Hip symptoms ranged from 1 month to ≤ 10 years • Baseline mean pain level during walking was 29 and 34/100 within groups | • Exercise therapy vs. manual therapy • Two groups of 109 subjects: Exercise therapy: (53 subjects) 25 min 2× per week for 5 weeks, total of 9 individual sessions + home program Manual therapy: (56 subjects) 25 min 2× per week for 5 weeks total of 9 individual sessions (hip-joint stretches, manual traction, manipulation traction and education) • Strengthening with weights, endurance (treadmill or cycling), range of motion, stretches, balance, and education). • Measurements before and after intervention and then follow-up at 3 and 6 months | Pain VAS for pain at rest, on walking, and main complaint Pain subscale on HRQOL (SF-36) questionnaire Hip function Walking-speed parameters HRQOL (SF-36) subscales of physical function |
Stener-Victorin et al. [18] | • Hydrotherapy and education • One control (education only) and one comparison intervention (electro-acupuncture and education) • 45 subjects referred from specialist clinics (> 42 years) • OA hip diagnosed by general practitioner with x-rays and pain consistent with OA • Baseline median pain level during loading was 37, 55, and 56/100 within groups | • Hydrotherapy vs. control vs. acupuncture • Three groups of 15 subjects: Hydrotherapy & education: 30 min, 2× per week for 5 weeks (10 sessions) Electro-acupuncture & education: 30 min, 2× per week for 5 weeks (10 sessions) Education only: 2-hr group session, 2× over 5 weeks. Included exercises undertaken once per day • 10 exercises (not described) to improve joint strength, stability, and range of motion • Measurements before and after intervention, then follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months | Pain VAS for pain related to motion and loading, ache during day, ache during night Self-reported function Disability Rating Index Quality of life Global Self-rating Index |
Sylvester [17] | • Hydrotherapy • Short-wave diathermy (SWD) and light exercises • 14 subjects referred from specialist clinics (> 49 years) • Not stated how OA hip was diagnosed Hip symptoms range from 2 to 8 years • Baseline median pain level was 78 and 83/100 within groups | • Hydrotherapy vs. comparison intervention • Two groups of 7 subjects: Hydrotherapy: 30 min, 2× per week for 6 weeks Short-wave diathermy and exercises similar to those of hydrotherapy group: 30 min, 2× per week for 6 weeks • Walking, leg swings, and mobility exercises • Measurements before and after intervention only | Pain VAS Self-reported function Oswestry Disability questionnaire Quality of life Philadelphia questionnaire |
Tak et al. [16] | • Strengthening and health education • General medical practice • 109 subjects, community volunteers (> 55 years) • OA Hip diagnosed by general practitioner by using American College of Rheumatology criteria [35] • Baseline mean pain level was 38 and 42/100 within groups | • Strengthening and health education (ergonomic advice from occupational home visit, and dietary advice) vs. control • Two groups of 109 subjects: Strengthening and health program: (55 subjects) 1 hr 1× per week for 8 weeks Control: (54 subjects) self-initiated contact with their own GP • Strength training using fitness equipment; 2 levels of intensity: light and moderate; and a home exercise program • Measurements before and after intervention and then follow-up at 3 months | Pain VAS Pain subscale on Harris Hip Score (HHS) Self-reported hip function Groningen Activity Restriction Scale Hip function Time to perform 4 functional tasks (walking 20 m, stairs, timed up and go, toe reaching) Quality of life Quality of life VAS Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (HRQOL) |