Table 3 Univariate analysis

Female sex

73/83 (88)

150/166 (90)

0.70

Nephritis at study point

15/83 (18)

10/166 (6)

<0.01

Previous nephritis

34/83 (41)

39/166 (23)

<0.01

Thrombocytopenia at study point

6/83 (7)

7/166 (4)

0.50

Previous thrombocytopenia

19/83 (23)

27/166 (16)

0.27

Lung disease at study point

12/83 (14)

6/166 (4)

<0.01

Previous lung disease

13/83 (15)

8/166 (5)

<0.01

Leukopenia at study point

32/83 (39)

23/166 (14)

<0.01

Low complement at study point

36/81 (44)

52/163 (32)

0.08

Anti-DNA antibodies

61/83 (73)

102/166 (61)

0.08

Antiphospholipid antibodies

43/83 (52)

57/166 (34)

0.01

SDI = 0

57/83 (69)

125/166 (75)

SDI = 1 to 2

22/83 (26)

38/166 (23)

0.29

SDI >2

4/83 (5)

3/166 (2)

SLEDAI at diagnosis

10 (1 to 25)

9 (1 to 22)

0.23

SLEDAI at study point

4 (0 to 24)

3 (0 to 21)

0.15

SLEDAI at diagnosis >12

25/81 (31)

33/163 (20)

0.09

SLEDAI at study point >12

5/81 (6)

7/163 (4)

0.74

Antimalarials

18/83 (22)

128/166 (77)

<0.01

Months on antimalarials

0 (0 to 300)

24 (0 to 192)

<0.01

Azathioprine

16/83 (19)^a

20/166 (12)

0.18

Methotrexate

2/83 (3)

13/166 (8)

0.12

Cyclophosphamide

3/83 (4)

2/166 (1)

0.42

Mycophenolate

1/83 (1)

5/166 (3)

0.66

Cyclosporine

3/83 (2)^a

4/166 (5)

0.34

Any immunosuppressor

23/83 (30)

44/166 (26)

0.96

Prednisone

62/83 (75)

90/166 (54)

<0.01

Prednisone dose (mg/day)

7.5 (0 to 90)

2.5 (0 to 60)

<0.01