Table 1 Balance in cytokine activities according to biological processes
From: Cytokines in chronic rheumatic diseases: is everything lack of homeostatic balance?
| Process | Cytokines |
|---|---|
| Inflammation | IL-1/IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1 receptor II, soluble IL-1 receptor I, soluble IL-1 receptor II |
| TNF/soluble TNF receptor I, soluble TNF receptor II | |
| IL-6/soluble gp130 | |
| IL-18/IL-18 binding protein | |
| IL-22/IL-22 binding protein | |
| IL-13/IL-13 receptor alpha | |
| CXCLELR+ /CXCLELR- | |
| Several proinflammatory chemokines (CXC and CC)/Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines | |
| Several proinflammatory chemokines (CC not CXC)/D6 | |
| CCL19, CCL21, CCL25, CXCL13/CCX-CKR | |
| Chemerin 9/chemerin 15 | |
| Immune cell responses | Th1 cells/Th2 cells |
| Th17 cells/Th2 cells | |
| Th17 cells/T cells with regulatory function | |
| T cells with regulatory function/Th1, Th2, Th17 cells | |
| Tissue repair and remodeling | Transforming growth factor beta/TNF |
| IL-1/IFNγ | |
| IL-4/IFNγ | |
| CD4 T-cell differentiation | IL-12/IL-4 |
| Transforming growth factor beta/IL-6 + T-cell growth factor beta | |
| Tissue destruction | Osteoprotegerin/RANKL |
| WNT/Dickkopf-1 | |
| Metabolism | Adiponectin/leptin, vistatin, resistin |