Figure 2

Effect of glucosamine (GlcN) and NAPA on IκBα phosphorylation level and on p65 nuclear translocation. HTB-94 cells were untreated (CTL), treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) or pre-treated with 5 and 10 mM GlcN (G5 and G10) or NAPA (N5 and N10) and then stimulated with TNFα for 10 minutes. (a) Cytosolic extract probed with antibodies against phospho-IκBα (p-IκBα) and β-actin. (b) Nuclear extract probed with antibodies anti-p65 and fibrillarin. Band intensities were quantified as reported in Materials and methods. Results are expressed as fold changes with respect to control. The data are representative of three independent experiments. A.U., arbitrary units; NAPA, 2-(N-Acetyl)-L-phenylalanylamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose.