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Figure 5 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Figure 5

From: Platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor beta synergistically potentiate inflammatory mediator synthesis by fibroblast-like synoviocytes

Figure 5

Synergy tolerates temporal separation of 2GF and TNFα stimulation of FLS. 2GF was added at the indicated timepoint, and left on for the remainder of the experiment (a-b) or removed after 15 minutes (c) (shaded bars). TNFα was added at time zero, and supernatants harvested at +24 h (a) or RNA isolated at +3 h (b-c). As controls, results with TNFα alone (black bar, Never) and TNF+2GF added simultaneously and left on (cross-hatched bar) are shown. Data are normalized to levels with TNFα alone. Mean & SEM, n = 3 RA FLS lines. Asterisk indicates P < 0.05 to TNFα alone by ANOVA/Dunnett's on raw (a) or log-transformed (b-c) data.

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