Experimental stress in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a review of psychophysiological stress responses

de Brouwer, Sabine JM; Kraaimaat, Floris W; Sweep, Fred CGJ; Creemers, Marjonne CW; Radstake, Timothy RDJ; van Laarhoven, Antoinette IM; van Riel, Piet LCM; Evers, Andrea WM

doi:10.1186/ar3016

Arthritis Research & Therapy

Table 2 Autonomic function in patients with systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases

From: Experimental stress in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a review of psychophysiological stress responses

Parameter	Studies & patients (N)	Baseline patients vs. controls		Stress reactivity within patients		Stress reactivity patients vs. controls
Heart rate	[29] 21 RA vs. 20 HC	RA:	No difference [29, 36, 37, 41]	RA:	Increase [29, 36, 37, 41]	RA:	No difference [36, 37, 41]
	[41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC						Altered (↓) [29]
	[36, 37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA	SLE:	No difference [31, 45]	SLE:	Increase [45]	SLE:	No difference [31] (cogn.) [45]
	[31] 23 SLE vs. 23 HC				Not reported [31]		Altered (↓) (cold) [31]
	[45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC	Arthr:	Altered (↑) [32]	Arthr:	Increase [32]	Arthr:	No difference [32]
	[32] 19Arthr vs. 38 HC, 17 MFP
Blood pressure (diastolic/systolic)	[29] 21 RA vs. 20 HC	RA:	No difference [29, 36, 41]	RA:	Increase [29, 36, 41]	RA:	No difference [36, 41]
	[41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC						Altered (↓) [29]/(↑) [41]
	[36] 21 RA vs. 10 OA	SLE:	No difference [31, 45]	SLE:	Increase [45]	SLE:	No difference [31, 33, 45]
	[31] 23 SLE vs. 23 HC		Not reported [33]		Not reported [31, 33]
	[45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC
	[33] 51 SLE vs. 30 HC
Mean arterial pressure (MAP)	[37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA	RA:	No difference	RA:	Increase	RA:	No difference
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)	[37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA	RA:	No difference	RA:	Increase severe subgroup	RA:	Altered (↑) severe subgroup
Plasma volume (PV)	[36] 21 RA vs. 10 OA	RA:	No difference	RA:	Decrease	RA:	No difference
Cardiac output (CO)	[37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA	RA:	No difference	RA:	No response	RA:	No difference
Pre-ejection period (PEP)	[41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC	RA:	No difference	RA:	Decrease	RA:	No difference
Plasma catecholamines (nor)epinephrine	[42] 18 RA vs. 14 HC	RA:	No difference [40, 42] *	RA:	Increase [40]	RA:	No difference [40, 42]
	[40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC				No response [42]
	[44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC	SLE:	No difference [40, 45]	SLE:	Increase [40, 44, 45]	SLE:	No difference [40, 45, 44] *
	[31] 23 SLE vs. 23 HC		Altered (↓) [31]
	[45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC		Not reported [44]
	[46] 15 JIA vs. 14 HC	JIA:	No difference (NE) [46]	JIA:	Increase (NE)[46]	JIA:	No difference [46]
			Altered (↑) (EPI) [46]		No response (EPI)[46]
Skin conductance (SC)	[29] 21 RA vs. 20 HC	RA:	No difference [29]	RA:	Increase [29]	RA:	Altered (↓) [29]
	[32] 19 Arthr vs. 38 HC, 17 MFP	Arthr:	No difference [32]	Arthr:	Increase [32]	Arthr:	Altered (↑) [32]
Pupillary constriction	[32] 19 Arthr vs. 38 HC, 17 MFP	Arthr:	Altered (↓)	Arthr:	Not reported	Arthr:	Altered (↓)

* Findings assumed after inspection of descriptive data.
↑ = altered response pattern is more pronounced compared to a control group; ↓ = altered response pattern is diminished compared to a control group; RA = rheumatoid arthritis, SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus, JIA = juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Arthr = heterogeneous group of arthritis patients, HC = healthy controls, OA = osteoarthritis, MFP = patients with myofascial pain,.., NE = norepinephrine, EPI = epinephrine.

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ISSN: 1478-6362

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