Table 3 Multivariate associations of pulmonary symptoms, cardiac findings, and patient characteristics with any PFT abnormality

Frequent cough

1.61

(0.49 to 5.25)

2.05

(0.41 to 10.3)

Chronic phlegm

2.64

(0.87 to 8.02)

3.01

(0.56 to 16.3)

4.16

(1.21 to 14.4)

0.02

Frequent wheezing

2.84

(0.74 to 10.9)

2.12

(0.37 to 12.1)

Breathlessness at 100 yards

2.24

(0.60 to 8.32)

11.2

(1.54 to 81.6)

5.96

(1.25 to 28.3)

0.03

Reported diagnosis of pulmonary disease

4.57

(1.35 to 15.4)

3.77

(1.42 to 10.0)

0.01

CAC >100

1.25

(0.38 to 4.11)

Age, per year

1.04

(0.97 to 1.12)

Male vs. female

0.87

(0.27 to 2.84)

White vs. other race

0.69

(0.20 to 2.31)

Reported exercise, per quartile

0.95

(0.57 to 1.57)

BMI, per kg/m²

0.91

(0.82 to 1.00)

0.93

(0.85 to 1.01)

0.08

Current smoking

5.34

(1.12 to 25.4)

4.01

(1.22 to 13.3)

0.02

Ever smoking vs. never smoking

0.73

(0.23 to 2.31)

RA duration, per year

1.01

(0.95 to 1.07)

RF seropositivity

1.53

(0.44 to 5.29)

Anti-CCP seropositivity

2.99

(0.69 to 12.9)

2.82

(0.96 to 8.29)

0.06

DAS28, per unit

0.78

(0.45 to 1.33)

HAQ, per unit

0.86

(0.35 to 2.10)

Log-modified Sharp score, per log unit

1.16

(0.71 to 1.91)

Current prednisone use

2.54

(0.95 to 6.85)

2.65

(1.12 to 6.25)

0.03

Current nonbiologic use

0.38

(0.08 to 1.88)

Current biologic use

0.82

(0.27 to 2.52)