Table 1 Histopathological features observed in the tibio-tarsal joint of arthritic mice treated with vehicle or 25 mg/kg apremilast
| Â | Vehicle | Apremilast | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animal # | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
Synovial hyperplasia | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Synovial villus formation | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Fibrin deposition | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Inflammatory infiltrate in the synovial membrane | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pannus formation | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cartilage disruption | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hyaline cartilage destruction | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Subchondral bone destruction | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Overall assessment: "determined as arthritis" | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |