Figure 4

The combined effects of IL-27 and TNF-α on the induction of adhesion molecules and chemokines. (A, B). Control and RA-FLS were cultured with or without IL-27 (50 ng/ml), and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) alone or in combination for 48 h. Cell surface expression of (A) ICAM-1 and (B) VCAM-1 was determined by flow cytometry. (C, D, E) Control and RA-FLS were cultured with or without IL-27 (50 ng/ml), and TNF-α (10 ng/ml) alone or in combination for 48 h. Release of (C) CXCL9, (D) CXCL10 and (E) CCL5 was determined by CBA using flow cytometry. Results are expressed as the arithmetic mean plus SD of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 when compared between treatment group and medium control. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 when compared between combined treatment group and single treatment group.