Localized 1H-NMR spectroscopy in patients with fibromyalgia: a controlled study of changes in cerebral glutamate/glutamine, inositol, choline, and N-acetylaspartate

Table 1 Psychological and blood-test variables in controls and patients with FM

Variables	Healthy group (mean ± SD)	FM group (mean ± SD)	PValue
Psychological variables
PVAS	16.50 ± 5.79	63.0 ± 17.02	< 0.001
Sphigmo	170.50 ± 7.24	107.0 ± 25.84	< 0.001
MMSE	34.90 ± 0.31	30.60 ± 3.37	< 0.001
Catastroph	4.90 ± 2.02	27.0 ± 9.98	< 0.001
FIQ	17.50 ± 4.85	70.20 ± 10.50	< 0.001
HADS-Anx	0.70 ± 0.67	7.40 ± 0.69	< 0.001
HADS-Dep	0.60 ± 0.51	6.90 ± 0.87	< 0.001
Blood-test variables
Serotonin	273.50 ± 10.42	297.56 ± 249.70	0.449
GDH	47.10 ± 2.23	48.33 ± 23.51	0.568
Ammonium	17.40 ± 1.34	28.32 ± 9.26	< 0.001

All calculations were performed by using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Catastroph, Pain catastrophization scale; FIQ, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; HADS-Anx, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, subscale anxiety; HADS-Dep, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, subscale depression; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; PVAS, Pain Visual Analogue Scale; Sphigmo, pain assessed by sphygmomanometer.

ISSN: 1478-6362