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Table 2 The effect of methotrexate or azathioprine on the formation of antibodies against adalimumab or infliximab

From: The effect of immunomodulators on the immunogenicity of TNF-blocking therapeutic monoclonal antibodies: a review

Study

Disease

TmAbs

IS used

% AAAs or ATIs

IS + % AAAs or ATIs

IS - % AAAs or ATIs

Pvalue

Assay

Maini et al. [4]

RA

IFX

MTX

17.4%

0%-15%

7%-53%

NA

LoBuglio et al. [30]

Vermeire et al. [13]

Crohn

IFX

AZA

55%

46%

73%

P < 0.001

Prometheus Laboratories

   

MTX

    

(San Diego, CA, USA)

Baert et al. [10]

Crohn

IFX

MTX

61%

43%

75%

P < 0.01

Prometheus Laboratories

ACCENT I [11]

Crohn

IFX

MTX

14%

10%

18%

NA

NA

ACCENT II [12]

Crohn

IFX

MTX

32%

11%

24%

NA

NA

Colombel et al. [25]

Crohn

IFX

AZA

NA

0.9%

14.6%

NA

NA

Bartelds et al. [7]

RA

ADA

MTX

17%

12%

38%

NA

Sanquin (Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

Lovell et al. [18]

JIA

ADA

MTX

16%

6%

26%

NA

NA

West et al. [16]

Crohn

ADA

MTX

17%

7.7%

20%

NA

Sanquin

CLASSIC II [15]

Crohn

ADA

MTX

2.6%

0%

3.8%

NA

NA

  1. AAA, anti-adalimumab antibody; ACCENT, A Crohn's Disease Clinical Trial Evaluating Infiximab in a New Long-term Treatment Regimen in Patients With Fistulizing Crohn's Disease; ADA, adalimumab; ATI, antibody to infliximab; AZA, azathioprine; CLASSIC, Clinical Assessment of Adalimumab Safety and Efficacy Studied as Induction Therapy in Crohn's Disease; IFX, infliximab; IS, immunosuppressive treatment; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; MTX, methotrexate; NA, not applicable; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TmAb, therapeutic monoclonal antibody.