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Table 1 Clinical and psychosocial data for all subjects

From: Influence of depression symptoms on serum tumor necrosis factor-α of patients with chronic low back pain

 

Healthy controls (n= 29)

cLBP + DE

(n= 29)

cLBP

(n= 29)

Sex (female/male)

17/12

17/12

17/12

Age (years)

40.72 (23 to 66)

45.31 (20 to 69)

44.69 (24 to 68)

Body mass index (kg/m2)

27.1 (18.7 to 47.8)

25.1 (18.9 to 37.4)

24.2 (17.7 to 33.3)

Sleep (hours)

6.7 ± 0.7

5.6 ± 1.7

6.4 ± 1.9

Pain 24 hoursa

0

6.30 ± 1.89

5.13 ± 2.30

Pain 7 daysa

0

6.29 ± 1.58

5.19 ± 2.27

CES-D score

5

32.81 ± 9.38*

12.68 ± 6.64

Back function (R&M)

0

13.77 ± 5.26*

10.19 ± 5.65

Exercise in past 24 hours (hours)

5.98 ± 2.33

5.68 ± 5.09

5.28 ± 3.95

Alcohol consumption (24 hours)

16%

16%

19%

Nicotine consumption (24 hours)

20%

42%

23%

Medication

   

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

0

28%*

7%

Opioids

0

24%

28%

Antidepressants

0

24%

17%

  1. Data presented as n, mean (range), mean ± standard deviation or percentage. cLBP, chronic low back pain; DE, depression; CES-D, Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; R&M, Roland and Morris [23]. a : Visual analogue scale, 0 to 10. *: P < 0.05.