Table 2 Relative risk (OR) of gout associated with use of various medications
From: Contemporary epidemiology of gout in the UK general population
Co-medication | Controls N= 50,000 N (%) | Gout Cases N= 24,768 N (%) | Multivariate OR (95%CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|
Diuretics | |||
Never use | 36,237 (72.47) | 12,206 (49.28) | 1(ref) |
Current (<31 days) | 8,582 (17.16) | 9,921 (40.06) | 3.00 (2.85 to 3.15) |
Recent (31 to 365 days) | 1,462 (2.92) | 1,050 (4.24) | 1.83 (1.67 to 2.01) |
Past (>365 days) | 3,719 (7.44) | 1,591 (6.42) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) |
Aspirin low-dose | |||
Never use | 38,737 (77.47) | 16,924 (68.33) | 1 (ref) |
Current (<31 days) | 7,788 (15.58) | 5,291 (21.36) | 0.95 (0.90 to 1.00) |
Recent (31 to 365 days) | 1,292 (2.58) | 938 (3.79) | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.24) |
Past (>365 days) | 2,183 (4.37) | 1,615 (6.52) | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.19) |
NSAIDs | |||
Never use | 20,989 (41.98) | 6,735 (27.19) | 1 (ref) |
Current (<31 days) | 4,064 (8.13) | 4,791 (19.34) | 3.07 (2.90 to 3.24) |
Recent (31 to 365 days) | 5,616 (11.23) | 4,107 (16.58) | 2.05 (1.94 to 2.16) |
Past (>365 days) | 19,331 (38.66) | 9,135 (36.88) | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.35) |
Transplant rejection drugs† | |||
Never use | 49,792 (99.58) | 24,586 (99.27) | 1 (ref) |
Current (<31 days) | 94 (0.19) | 90 (0.36) | 1.12 (0.80 to 1.57) |
Recent (31 to 365 days) | 21 (0.04) | 23 (0.09) | 1.50 (0.77 to 2.93) |
Past (>365 days) | 93 (0.19) | 69 (0.28) | 1.14 (0.81 to 1.60) |
Azathioprine | |||
Never use | 49,794 (99.59) | 24607 (99.35) | 1 (ref) |
Current (<31 days) | 89 (0.18) | 65 (0.26) | 0.93 (0.64 to 1.34) |
Recent (31 to 365 days) | 22 (0.04) | 20 (0.08) | 1.11 (0.56 to 2.22) |
Past (>365 days) | 95 (0.19) | 76 (0.31) | 1.21 (0.87 to 1.68) |
Cyclosporine | |||
Never use | 49,941 (99.88) | 24,657 (99.55) | 1 (ref) |
Current (<31 days) | 20 (0.04) | 75 (0.30) | 3.72 (2.17 to 6.40) |
Recent (31 to 365 days) | 6 (0.01) | 10 (0.04) | 1.42 (0.46 to 4.38) |
Past (>365 days) | 33 (0.07) | 26 (0.10) | 0.91 (0.52 to 1.61) |
Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) (women only) | |||
Never use | 10,436 (79.99) | 5,368 (78.69) | 1 (ref) |
Current (<31 days) | 785 (6.02) | 345 (5.06) | 0.86 (0.74 to 1.01) |
Recent (31 to 365 days) | 347 (2.66) | 192 (2.81) | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.32) |
Past (>365 days) | 1,479 (11.34) | 917 (13.44) | 1.02 (0.91 to 1.13) |