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Table 2 Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data for subgroup B: hypogonadotropic hypogonadal male patients, with and without rheumatic/autoimmune disease (RAD)

From: High frequency of association of rheumatic/autoimmune diseases and untreated male hypogonadism with severe testicular dysfunction

Patient

Age

Endocrine and

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

no.

(years)

genetic diagnosis

Symptoms and disease duration

Laboratory findingsa

X-rays

RAD

1

23

Kallmann's syndrome;

Intermittent lumbar and hip pain,

ESR, 3 mm/h; B27 (+)

Bilateral

AS

Ā Ā 

46,XY

symmetrical ankle arthritis; 10 years;

Ā 

sacroiliitis

Ā 
Ā Ā Ā 

Schober's test, 4.5 cma

Ā Ā Ā 

2

34

Kallmann's syndrome;

Intermittent lumbar pain and morning

ESR, 7 mm/h; B27 (+)

Ankylosis of

AS

Ā Ā 

46,XY

stiffness; 10 years; Schober's test, 4.5 cma

Ā 

sacroiliac joints

Ā 

3

17

Idiopathic hypogonado-

Photosensitive skin heliotrope rash,

ESR, 53 mm/h; CK, 182 U/ml;

Muscle

JDM

Ā Ā 

tropic MPHG; 46,XY;

alopecia, proximal muscle weakness with

C3, 115 mg/dl; C4, 76 mg/dl;

calcinosis

Ā 
Ā Ā 

bilateral cryptorchidism

atrophy, Gottron's papules; 11 years;

ANA + speckled pattern;

Ā Ā 
Ā Ā Ā 

arthritis of MCP and PIP joints

anti-DNA, 26 IU/ml;

Ā Ā 
Ā Ā Ā Ā 

B27 (-); muscle biopsy: myositis

Ā Ā 

4

20

Idiopathic hypogonado-

Asymptomatic

ESR, 16 mm/h; B27 (-)

Normal

None

Ā Ā 

tropic MPHG with hyper-

Ā Ā Ā Ā 
Ā Ā 

prolactinemia; 46,XY;

Ā Ā Ā Ā 
Ā Ā 

bilateral cryptorchidism;

Ā Ā Ā Ā 
Ā Ā 

bilateral orchidectomy

Ā Ā Ā Ā 
  1. ANA = antinuclear antibodies; AS = ankylosing spondylitis; B27 = histocompatibility antigen B27; CK = creatine kinase; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; JDM = juvenile dermatomyositis; MCP = metacarpophalangeal; MPHG = male patient with hypogonadism; PIP = proximal interphalangeal. aNormal values: anti-DNA, <20 IU/dl; C3, 80ā€“120 mg/dl; C4,12ā€“20 mg/dl; creatine kinase, 0ā€“95 U/ml; ESR, <15 mm/h; Schober's test, >5 cm.