Figure 5

In bone, cell activation, cell differentiation, matrix production, matrix degradation and the enzymes mediating that degradation may be measured by different markers. Each marker provides unique information and may indicate both pathological aspects and serve as a surrogate measure of the mode of action and potential efficacy of therapeutic interventions [85]. BSAP, bone specific alkaline phosphatase; CTX, C-terminal telopeptide of collagen; ICTP, collagen type I fragment; NTX, N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I; OC, osteocalcin; OPG, osteoprotegerin; PICP, carboxyl terminus propeptide of type I procollagen; PINP, amino terminus propeptide of type I procollagen; RANK, receptor activator of NF-kB; RANKL, receptor activator of NF-kB ligand. Figure adapted with permission from [85].