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Table 1 Genes that were differentially expressed between probands (n = 20) with systemic autoimmune disease and unrelated, matched controls (n = 40)

From: Gene expression profiles from discordant monozygotic twins suggest that molecular pathways are shared among multiple systemic autoimmune diseases

Accession

Annotation

Fold changea

Pvalueb

FDR

Function/Category

Increased expression in probands

     

TNFAIP6

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 6

2.2

1.5 × 10-5

0.051

Co-factor, immune

HP

Haptoglobin

2.2

2.0 × 10-5

0.051

Carrier, transport

HPR

Haptoglobin-related protein

2.3

3.5 × 10-5

0.059

Carrier, transport

ANXA3

Annexin A3

2.8

5.1 × 10-5

0.074

Regulation, signaling

APOBEC3A

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme 3A

1.4

5.8 × 10-5

0.074

Regulation, translation

EIF2AK2

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2

2.4

7.1 × 10-5

0.074

Regulation, translation

BMX

Non-receptor tyrosine kinase

2.2

8.6 × 10-5

0.074

Kinase, signaling

CEACAM6

Carcinoembryonic Ag-related cell adhesion molecule 6

4.7

8.7 × 10-5

0.074

Receptor, targeting

PLSCR1

Phospholipid scramblase 1

2.3

1.0 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, immune

LTF

Lactotransferrin

2.3

1.1 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, immune

TNFSF10

Tumor necrosis factor ligand 10

1.6

1.4 × 10-4

0.074

Cytokine, immune

OASL

2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase-like

2.2

1.7 × 10-4

0.074

Binding, thyroid receptor

MAP2K6

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6

1.4

2.2 × 10-4

0.080

Kinase, signaling

ZCCHC2

Zinc finger protein

1.5

2.4 × 10-4

0.082

Unknown, signaling

INHBB

Inhibin, beta B

2.3

2.7 × 10-4

0.085

Ligand, signaling

DEFA4

Defensin, alpha 4, corticostatin

2.3

2.9 × 10-4

0.088

Ligand, signaling

IFI27

Interferon, alpha-inducible protein 27

7.2

3.0 × 10-4

0.088

Unknown, immune

SLC22A4

Solute carrier family 22, member 4

1.7

3.3 × 10-4

0.088

Transport

IL1RN

Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist

1.7

3.4 × 10-4

0.088

Ligand, immune

RRAGD

Ras-related GTP-binding protein D

1.3

3.4 × 10-4

0.088

Ligand, signaling

DEGS1

Degenerative spermatocyte homolog 1

1.1

3.9 × 10-4

0.093

Enzyme, metabolism

PGAP1

GPI deacylase

1.3

3.9 × 10-4

0.093

Enzyme, signaling

F5

Coagulation factor V

1.4

4.2 × 10-4

0.094

Ligand, coagulation

CDS2

CDP-diacylglycerol synthase

1.2

4.6 × 10-4

0.097

Enzyme, metabolism

HIST1H2AB

Histone 1, H2ab

1.3

4.7 × 10-4

0.097

Chromatin, structural

Decreased expression in probands

     

PACSIN1

Protein kinase C substrate 1 in neurons

-1.4

3.3 × 10-6

0.042

Kinase, signaling

KRTCAP2

Keratinocyte-associated protein 2

-1.2

5.9 × 10-6

0.042

Enzyme, structural

FCER1A

Fc fragment of high affinity IgE receptor

-1.9

9.2 × 10-6

0.042

Receptor, immune

FYN

Oncogene

-1.3

9.8 × 10-6

0.042

Kinase, signaling

SYTL2

Synaptotagmin-like 2

-1.5

1.0 × 10-5

0.042

Unknown, immune

CD99

MIC2, single-chain type-1 glycoprotein

-1.2

1.8 × 10-5

0.051

Receptor, immune

PECI

Peroxisomal D3,D2-enoyl-CoA isomerase

-1.3

3.3 × 10-5

0.059

Enzyme, metabolism

CD81

Target of antiproliferative antibody 1

-1.2

3.4 × 10-5

0.059

Receptor, immune

PBX4

Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 4

-1.4

7.7 × 10-5

0.074

Regulation, transcription

DYRK2

Tyrosine-phosphorylation regulated kinase 2

-1.2

8.1 × 10-5

0.074

Kinase, signaling

ZBTB5

Zinc finger and BTB domain containing 5

-1.2

9.4 × 10-5

0.074

Regulation, transcription

PABPC3

Poly(A)-binding protein 3

-1.3

9.8 × 10-5

0.074

Regulation, translation

NELL2

NEL-like 2

-1.3

1.0 × 10-4

0.074

Mitogen, cell division

LOC100133315

Unknown cation channel/receptor

-1.2

1.0 × 10-4

0.074

Receptor, signaling

DNAJA3

DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog A3

-1.3

1.2 × 10-4

0.074

Chaperone, transport

EIF3S6IP

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 6

-1.3

1.2 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, translation

EIF3S8

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, subunit 8

-1.2

1.2 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, translation

RBMX

RNA-binding motif protein

-1.1

1.2 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, transcription

GZMK

Granzyme K

-1.4

1.3 × 10-4

0.074

Enzyme, immune

DNMT1

DNA (cytosine 5)-methyltransferase 1

-1.3

1.3 × 10-4

0.074

Enzyme, metabolism

ZNF219

Zinc finger protein 219

-1.2

1.3 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, transcription

DVL1

Dishevelled homologue (Drosophila)

-1.2

1.4 × 10-4

0.074

Mitosis, signaling

IMP3

U3 small ribonucleoprotein homologue (yeast)

-1.2

1.5 × 10-4

0.074

Structural, translation

ANAPC5

Anaphase promoting complex subunit 5

-1.2

1.5 × 10-4

0.074

Enzyme, cell cycle

AOF2

Amine oxidase (flavin containing) domain 2

-1.2

1.6 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, transcription

GPRASP1

G protein-coupled receptor

-1.4

1.6 × 10-4

0.074

Receptor, signaling

LTK

Leukocyte tyrosine kinase

-1.3

1.6 × 10-4

0.074

Kinase, immune

MTA1

Metastasis-associated 1

-1.2

1.6 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, transcription

UXT

Ubiquitously expressed transcript

-1.2

1.6 × 10-4

0.074

Regulation, transcription

KLRB1

Killer cell lectin-like receptor B1

-1.6

1.7 × 10-4

0.074

Receptor, immune

SEMA4C

Semaphorin 4C

-1.3

1.7 × 10-4

0.074

Neural development

STMN3

Stathmin-like 3

-1.4

2.0 × 10-4

0.079

Cytoskeletal, signaling

ATP1A1

ATPase Na+/K+ transporter

-1.2

2.0 × 10-4

0.079

Transporter, signaling

PSBP

Prostatic steroid-binding protein

-1.3

2.2 × 10-4

0.080

Receptor, signaling

RPL18

Ribosomal protein L18

-1.3

2.2 × 10-4

0.080

Structural, translation

RNF220

Ring finger protein

-1.1

2.2 × 10-4

0.080

Unknown

SPOCK2

Sparc/osteonectin/proteoglycan (testican) 2

-1.2

2.3 × 10-4

0.081

Extracellular, structural

DDX28

DEAD box polypeptide

-1.2

2.3 × 10-4

0.081

RNA helicase, transcription

SRP46

Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich, 46 kDa

-1.3

2.4 × 10-4

0.082

Regulation, transcription

EIF3S7

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3S7

-1.2

2.5 × 10-4

0.084

Regulation, translation

TNFRSF25

Tumor necrosis factor receptor 25

-1.3

2.6 × 10-4

0.085

Receptor, immune

MYBL1

v-Myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog

-1.4

2.7 × 10-4

0.085

Regulation, transcription

UBE2I

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I

-1.1

2.8 × 10-4

0.087

Enzyme, regulation

PABPC1

Poly(A)-binding protein

-1.3

3.0 × 10-4

0.088

Regulation, translation

LDOC1L

Leucine zipper, downregulated in cancer 1-like

-1.4

3.1 × 10-4

0.088

Unknown

LGR6

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein receptor 6

-1.6

3.1 × 10-4

0.088

Receptor, signaling

AES

Amino-terminal enhancer of split

-1.1

3.2 × 10-4

0.088

Regulation, transcription

CXCR3

Chemokine receptor 3

-1.3

3.2 × 10-4

0.088

Receptor, immune

ATP5G2

ATP synthase, mitochondrial F0 complex

-1.2

3.3 × 10-4

0.088

Enzyme, metabolism

RPLP2

Ribosomal protein P2

-1.3

3.3 × 10-4

0.088

Structural, translation

TC2N

Membrane targeting C2 domain

-1.4

3.6 × 10-4

0.090

Unknown, signaling

ERGIC3

Breast cancer antigen 84

-1.2

3.8 × 10-4

0.092

Unknown, cell growth

GPR183

Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 2

-1.5

3.9 × 10-4

0.093

Receptor, signaling

CSNK1E

Casein kinase 1, epsilon

-1.2

4.1 × 10-4

0.094

Kinase, regulation

CRIP1

Cysteine-rich protein 1

-1.3

4.1 × 10-4

0.094

Zn-binding, transport

ARIH2

Ariadne homolog 2

-1.1

4.2 × 10-4

0.094

Ubiquitin ligase, regulation

POLS

DNA polymerase sigma

-1.2

4.2 × 10-4

0.094

Enzyme, metabolism

PUF60

Ro-RNP-binding protein

-1.2

4.3 × 10-4

0.096

RNP-binding, regulation

MFNG

Fucose-specific β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

-1.2

4.7 × 10-4

0.097

Enzyme, development

PRPSAP2

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase protein 2

-1.2

4.7 × 10-4

0.097

Enzyme, metabolism

STAG3

Stromal antigen 3

-1.3

4.7 × 10-4

0.097

Cohesion subunit, meiosis

FBL

Fibrillarin

-1.2

4.9 × 10-4

0.098

snRNP-binding, pre-rRNA

RPS19

Ribosomal protein S19

-1.3

4.9 × 10-4

0.098

Structural, translation

DDB1

Damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1

-1.2

5.0 × 10-4

0.098

DNA repair

FBXO21

F-box protein 21

-1.2

5.0 × 10-4

0.098

Ubiquitin ligase, regulation

PTDSS1

Phosphatidylserine synthase 1

-1.2

5.1 × 10-4

0.100

Enzyme, metabolism

AKR1B1

Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1

-1.2

5.2 × 10-4

0.100

Enzyme, metabolism

  1. aFold change values indicate increased (positive value) or decreased (negative value) levels of gene expression in probands relative to unrelated, matched controls. Oligo probes for hypothetical or unidentified genes were omitted. bUncorrected. FDR, false discovery rate.