Table 2 Molecules involved in premature immune aging
From: Giant cell arteritis: immune and vascular aging as disease risk factors
Telomerase |
Insufficient repair of telomeric ends in old T cells |
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated |
Blunted repair of DNA double-strand breaks in old T cells |
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) |
Excessive activation of the DNA repair machinery with triggering of cellular stress pathways in old T cells |
Reactive oxygen species |
Impaired cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of oxidized lipids and proteins, modification of signaling proteins and membranes |