Immunopathologic differences of Sjögren's syndrome versus sicca syndrome in HCV and HIV infection

Table 1 Main clinical, serological, histological, genetic characteristics of focal sialoadenitis

Variable	Primary Sjögren's syndrome	Hepatitis C virus	HIV-related DILS
Sicca symptoms	Present	Present	Present
Parotid swelling	Moderate to severe	Mild to moderate	Moderate to severe
Extra-glandular manifestations	Mainly pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, and neurologic involvement	Mainly gastrointestinal and musculo-skeletal involvement	Mainly musculoskeletal, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and neurologic involvement
Infiltrating lymphocytic phenotype	CD4⁺ T cells	CD4⁺ T cells	CD8⁺ T cells
Autoantibodies	High-frequency RF, ANA, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB	High frequency of RF Very low frequency of ANA, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB	Low-frequency RF, ANA
HLA association	B8, DR2 and DR3	DR-11(DR5)	B45, B49, B50, DR11(DR5), and DRw6

Main characteristics of focal sialoadenitis in primary Sjögren's syndrome, hepatitis C virus-infected patients and HIV-infected patients developing diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS). ANA: antinuclear antibodies; RF, rheumatoid factor. Modified from Basu and colleagues [59].

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