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Table 3 Proportional hazards models for coronary outcomes using various measures of cholesterol

From: Importance of cumulative exposure to elevated cholesterol and blood pressure in development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective proof-of-concept cohort study

 

Time-constant models

Time-dependent models

 

First available ("remote") TC

Average of

first two TCs

Most recent TC

Mean TC

Time-adjusted

mean TC

AUC TC

 

HR

(95% CI)

P

HR

(95% CI)

P

HR

(95% CI)

P

HR

(95% CI)

P

HR

(95% CI)

P

HR

(95% CI)

p

Cholesterol (TC)

1.07

(0.93, 1.22)

0.36

1.08

(0.94, 1.24)

0.30

1.22

(1.05, 1.42)

0.01

1.22

(1.01, 1.47)

0.04

1.22

(1.02, 1.47)

0.03

1.00

(1.00, 1.00)

0.29

Male sex

2.02

(1.12, 3.62)

0.02

2.00

(1.11, 3.59)

0.02

1.84

(1.02, 3.32)

0.04

1.75

(0.97, 3.18)

0.06

1.74

(0.96, 3.15)

0.07

1.78

(0.98, 3.23)

0.06

Ageψ

1.06

(1.04, 1.08)

< 0.0001

1.06

(1.04, 1.08)

< 0.0001

1.06

(1.05, 1.08)

< 0.0001

1.06

(1.05, 1.08)

< 0.0001

1.06

(1.04, 1.08)

< 0.0001

1.06

(1.04, 1.08)

< 0.0001

SLEDAI-2K

1.03

(1.001, 1.06)

0.04

1.03

(1.00, 1.06)

0.06

1.09

(1.05, 1.13)

< 0.0001

1.09

(1.05, 1.13)

< 0.0001

1.09

(1.05, 1.13)

< 0.0001

1.09

(1.05, 1.13)

< 0.0001

Hypertension¢

1.12

(0.61, 2.04)

0.72

1.10

(0.60, 2.02)

0.76

1.50

(0.93, 2.42)

0.095

1.57

(0.97, 2.52)

0.06

1.57

(0.98, 2.52)

0.06

1.67

(1.05, 2.67)

0.03

Corticosteroidsβ

4.17

(1.62, 10.73)

0.003

4.16

(1.62, 10.72)

0.003

1.85

(1.05, 3.23)

0.03

1.89

(1.08, 3.30)

0.03

1.89

(1.08, 3.30)

0.03

1.92

(1.10, 3.35)

0.02

Antimalarials§

0.50

(0.31, 0.79)

0.003

0.50

(0.31, 0.80)

0.004

0.90

(0.57, 1.44)

0.66

0.88

(0.55, 1.41)

0.59

0.88

(0.55, 1.41)

0.60

0.80

(0.51, 1.27)

0.35

Immunosuppressives¥

0.79

(0.49, 1.26)

0.32

0.78

(0.49, 1.25)

0.30

1.32

(0.82, 2.14)

0.25

1.29

(0.79, 2.08)

0.31

1.29

(0.79, 2.09)

0.31

1.34

(0.83, 2.17)

0.23

  1. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; AUC, area under the curve; BP, blood pressure (mm Hg); DBP, diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg); HR, hazard ratio; NS: not significant; P, P value; SBP, systolic blood pressure (mm Hg); TC, total plasma cholesterol (mmol/L).
  2. ψYears; age at the time of first available TC (or SBP or DBP) in time-constant models and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. SLE Disease Activity Index 2000; scores range from 0 to 105, with higher scores indicating more-active disease; measured at the time of first available TC (or SBP or DBP) in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. ¢Hypertension defined as diastolic BP ≥90 or systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg; defined as present ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. βCorticosteroids defined as used ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. ζElevated total plasma cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) defined as total plasma cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/L; measured at the time of first available SBP or DBP in time-constant models, and coincident with each SBP or DBP measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. §Antimalarials include chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine; defined as used ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models. ¥Immunosuppressives include methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, and cyclophosphamide; defined as used ever during the study in time-constant models, and coincident with each TC (or SBP or DBP) measurement in the time-dependent covariate models.
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Arthritis Research & Therapy

ISSN: 1478-6362

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