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Table 2 Associations between traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors, IP related factors and insulin resistance after adjustment for age and gender

From: Seropositivity is associated with insulin resistance in patients with early inflammatory polyarthritis: results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register (NOAR): an observational study

Variable

Dependent variable †

 

HOMA-IR (continuos) â–²

(β-Coefficient (95% CI))

IR* (HOMA-IR > 2.29) #

(Odds ratio (95% CI))

Age at time of study (per year)

0.018 (-0.012, 0.048)

1.02 (0.99, 1.04)

Male gender

0.044 (-0.665, 0.753)

1.27 (0.67, 2.39)

Current smoker

0.004 (-0.747, 0.755)

0.71 (0.37, 1.37)

Obese (Y/N)

1.602 (0.963, 2.240)

4.02 (1.91, 8.50)

SBP (per mmHg)

0.029 (0.007, 0.050)

1.02 (1.00, 1.04)

DBP (per mmHg)

0.043 (0.009, 0.077)

1.04 (1.01, 1.08)

TG (per mmol/L)

1.057 (0.542, 1.572)

3.95 (2.09, 7.46)

T.Chol (per mmol/L)

0.155 (-0.162, 0.472)

1.19 (0.90, 1.59)

HDL (per mmol/L)

-1.375 (-2.172, -0.578)

0.44 (0.21, 0.92)

LDL (per mmol/L)

0.193 (-0.169, 0.556)

1.11 (0.80, 1.53)

DM (On treatment for DM/DM/fasting glucose ≥ 7.1 mmol/L)

-0.114 (-1.170, 0.942)

0.73 (0.29, 1.82)

IP disease duration (per month)

-0.001 (-0.003, 0.001)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

RF positive

0.924 (0.254, 1.594)

2.20 (1.20, 4.06)

ACPA positive

1.051 (0.336, 1.767)

3.00 (1.51, 5.96)

ACR criteria for RA

0.542 (-0.114, 1.198)

1.62 (0.90, 2.93)

Swollen joint (per joint)

0.032 (-0.016, 0.080)

1.03 (0.98, 1.07)

Tender joint (per joint)

0.029 (0.002, 0.056)

1.01 (0.99, 1.04)

CRP (per mg/L)

0.007 (-0.012, 0.026)

1.00 (0.99, 1.02)

DAS28

0.168 (-0.100, 0.437)

1.05 (0.83, 1.34)

HAQ

0.709 (0.237, 1.182)

1.41 (0.91, 2.19)

On steroids prior to baseline assessment

-0.300 (-1.094, 0.493)

0.74 (0.37, 1.48)

On DMARDs prior to baseline assessment

0.533 (-0.124, 1.190)

1.31 (0.73, 2.34)

On MTX prior to baseline assessment

0.277 (-0.435, 0.989)

0.94 (0.50, 1.76)

On HQC prior to baseline assessment

-0.218 (-1.636, 1.200)

0.81 (0.24, 2.79)

  1. ▲Linear regression producing β-coefficients were used for continuous outcome. β-coefficients are considered statistically significant if their 95% CI values do not include zero. #Logistic regression producing odds ratios used for binary outcomes. Odds ratios are considered significant if the 95% CI values do not include 1. † (adjusted for age and gender)
  2. ACPA, anti-CCP antibody; ACR, American College of Rheumatology; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS, Disease Activity Score; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; DMARDs, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HDL, high density lipoprotein; IP, inflammatory polyarthritis; LDL, low density lipoprotein; MTX, methotrexate; RF, rheumatoid factor; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T.Chol, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.